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The service performance for colored asphalt pavement is inevitably affected by the addition of different colorants, especially the challenge of low temperature environment in cold regions. Therefore, the purpose of study is to explore the effects of different colorants on the service performance for colored asphalt pavement and to provide a foundation for improving the applicability of colored asphalt pavement in cold regions.

In the study, three kinds of colorants (iron oxide red, iron oxide yellow, iron oxide green) were used to compare the influence of different colorants amounts and different colorants kinds on the service performance for colored asphalt pavement in cold regions. According to the characteristics of low temperature in cold regions, the effects of different colorants on the low temperature performance for colored asphalt pavement were studied.

The study shows that different colorants have different effects on the service performance of colored asphalt pavement. The high temperature performance increases with the increase of the colorants amount, but the low temperature performance is opposite. Additionally, the yellow colored asphalt pavement has more advantages of low temperature adaptation than the red and green colored asphalt pavement.

The study results provide a certain theoretical foundation for the application of colored asphalt pavement in cold regions and have certain value and significance for the further development of colored asphalt pavement.

The purpose of this study is simultaneous dyeing and mordanting of wool yarns with extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate to the reduction of consuming energy, water and time.

The dyeing process was optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach. pH, dyeing duration and the presence of additives were chosen as variables and the color strength of samples as a response. The color characteristics and fastness attributes of samples dyed in the best condition were evaluated and compared to pre-mordant dyeing outcomes on wool yarns.

The best conditions for deep dyeing wool with cochineal dye were as follows: pH 2.5, time 110 min and the ratio of aluminum: additives 1:0 at 100 °C. Color strength of dyed wool yarns by one-bath and pre-mordant dyeing methods were approximately the same. Wool yarns can dye to the on-bath dyeing method such that the dyed samples have similar color strength and fastness properties to pre-mordant dyeing.

Wool dyeing processes that use one-bath dyeing consume less water and produce fewer effluents. As a result, this strategy conserves water and energy for a higher quality of life. The findings of this study, in general, aid environmental protection.

A novel one-bath process for dyeing wool with cochineal dye at heavy depths is introduced. RSM was used to optimize the procedure and determine effective parameters on the color strength of dyed wools. Using extracted cochineal dye and aluminum sulfate in a simultaneous dyeing technique, good color fastness qualities on wool fibers were achieved.

This paper aims to determine the most practically applicable color-difference formula for yarn-dyed fabrics woven from warp and weft yarns in different color depths and to establish color-difference tolerance for perceptibility by evaluating yarn-dyed fabrics visually and instrumentally.

A total of 108 sample pairs were evaluated by a panel of 13 observers with perceptibility method under three typical light sources (A, D65 and cool white fluorescent). The data sets were statistically analyzed by the homogeneity of variance test (F-test), analysis of variance, standardized residual sum of squares and performance factor/3.

Light sources had a slight influence on the visual assessments of yarn-dyed fabrics. Among the eight color-difference formulae for measurements of yarn-dyed fabrics, CIEDE2000(2:1:1) outperformed all other tested formulae, and the color tolerance for the perceptibility of CIEDE2000(2:1:1) was 0.62. When the homochromy index (K) of warp and weft yarns of yarn-dyed fabric was lower than 1.25, the color difference based on ΔE*00(2:1:1) between the two samples was acceptable in terms of the color tolerance for perceptibility (i.e. 0.62).

The warp and weft yarns in different color depths could be woven in fabric with a relatively uniform color appearance.

This study could contribute to cost savings by reusing disqualified dyed yarns during the weaving manufacturing process.

The purpose of this paper is to optimize the key parameters (mesh count, paper type and ink type) in screen printing, which are affecting the printed ink volume. The objective of the optimization was to maximize the color reliability by decreasing the color difference (ΔE value) of the prints while minimizing the ink consumption. Screen printing is still dominating the printing industry to make cost-effective production when high volumes are needed.

The experiment was designed using the Taguchi method, and the samples were prepared with screen-printing by using the standard squeegee angle and pressure. The effect of mesh count, ink type and paper type on ink consumption was evaluated with using analysis of variances and main effects plots of S/N ratio and standard deviation.

The factors ink type, paper type and mesh count were found significant for ink consumption due to their Probability (P) values which were lower than 0.05. It was determined that the mesh count was the most critical variable with the analysis of variance. The analysis showed that the selection of an optimum mesh count was the key to controlling the amount of the deposited ink. Although mesh counts were inversely proportional with the ink consumptions, they did not affect the color differences as expected.

The optimization of process parameters, that are most effective on the print quality, is necessary to minimize the ink usage and lower the costs and environmental impact without exceeding the desired ΔE value limits.

As sports sponsorship is a common marketing tool among commercial organisations, there had been a large number of studies examining the effectiveness of sponsorship. The aim of this study is to examine whether colour affects sponsorship effectiveness on printed advertisements of sports events. This is an area that has received less research interest.

In total, 85 participants were randomly assigned to a control group and three experimental groups. In each of the groups, the participants viewed an advertisement of a sports event on a computer linked to an eye tracker. In the control group, the logos of sponsors were in their original colours. In each of the three experimental groups, the logos were manipulated and featured greyscale, blue or red backgrounds.

The study found that sponsor recall and recognition rates were highest for the control group. Visual attention was also the highest in the control group.

The findings suggest that manipulating colours of the sponsors' logos can negatively affect attention and sponsorship effectiveness.

While there exist studies that focus on the effects of colour in sponsorship, they are typically conducted with regard to physically attending the event itself. However, sponsorship involves other marketing collaterals such as printed advertisements on the event. In such mediums, colour contrast is also important in print advertisements as it affects readability and legibility. As such, the examination of effect of colour on such marketing collaterals provides additional empirical support to the phenomenon.

The purpose of this research is to prepare a dispersion resin with good dispersity and a colour paste with good stability. At present, the colour paste is being prepared using the pigment dispersion resin which has the group quaternary ammonium. The dispersion resin prepared has good dispersity of pigment and extender. However, the stability of storage and construction of the colour paste is relatively poor, which has a negative influence on the application of cathodic electrodeposited (CED) coatings. However, the detailed investigation on the dispersion resin and the stable colour paste has not been reported.

Three steps are adopted to prepare the dispersion resin, that is blocking toluene diisocyanate (TDI), quaternary ammoniation of blocked TDI and ring opening of epoxy resin. The resultant dispersion is used to prepare the colour paste. The factors, which have an influence on the dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste, are optimised.

The typical recipes of preparing the dispersion resin and the resultant colour paste are obtained. The dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste are good based on the typical recipe. In addition, the film of the CED coating is smooth, dense and hard when the colour paste is used in the CED coating.

The dispersion resin can be used to prepare a colour paste, which can be used in the CED coatings. In addition, it also can be applied as a binder of coatings and adhesions.

The factors, which have an influence on the dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste, are studied in detail. The typical recipes of preparing the dispersion resin and the resultant colour paste are obtained. Based on the typical recipe, the dispersity of the dispersion resin and stability of the colour paste are good.

To assess the distortion in colour matching occurring in the process from design of a fabric to printed output, a combined objective and subjective measurement methodology was used. The results obtained from the spectrophotometer demonstrated that the hue and chroma of the printed copies differed from the originals. It was found that the perception of colour by fashion/textile designers mainly depends upon overall colour differences (▵E) rather than any individual factors such as lightness, chroma and hue.

Psychological researches of colour reveal that a colour or a group of colours is associated with certain meanings or can cause certain feelings. These feelings of a colour are termed as colour emotions perceived by people. It is important for colour design of a product. Quantitative relationships between colours and the emotion they caused can assist designers to select right colour for the right design objects. The quantitative relationships can also contribute to the reduction of the lead time for colour design process as the colour emotion can be expressed by standard colour specification. A review was carried out in this paper to introduce the research works in quantifying colour emotion.

The application of colour for an improved presentation of 3‐D structures with finite elements is reported. Also shown is how the hidden‐surface technique can be used for: (1) generating pictures in the hidden line alike mode, (2) generating photo‐alike pictures by shading the surfaces according to Lambert's cosine law, (3) showing the regions of different materials or properties by distinct colouring, (4) the presentation of temperature and stress fields by colouring. This colouring is done with smooth colour transitions and delivers pictures similar to those gained by thermography or stress optics. Furthermore, (5) it is possible to generate contour lines on the remaining visible surfaces. The problems arising with the attachment of a colour hardcopier are also considered.

The research documented in this paper aims to identify the components and characters of color perception and to establish the basis for color perception description and evaluation.

Ten pairs of antonyms obtained on the basis of investigation were suggested to evaluate the perception of color. About 15 color samples were prepared for subjective evaluation. The factorial analysis method and artificial neural network were applied to analyze the evaluation results given by professionals and to establish the objective basis for color perception evaluation.

The color perceptions could be distinguished by word pairs. These word pairs were grouped according to the perception characteristics. The relation between color parameters and color perception could be established by artificial neural network technique.

The results showed in this paper were obtained on the limited number of samples.

The principle of color perception was investigated on the subjective evaluation of color samples. The relation between color parameters and color perception was established and could be applied for reference of clothing color design.