Search results

The purpose of this paper is to establish physical-chemical patterns and process parameters for obtaining low-temperature pink pigments with the structure of tin sphene using granulated blast-furnace slag.

Thermodynamic calculations were made in the work to assess the probability of malayaite phase formation during firing of slag-containing pigments. Mineralogical composition of synthesized pigments was evaluated by X-ray phase analysis. Spectral characteristics of pigments absorption in the infrared region were determined with the use of Fourier IR-spectrometry. Colour characteristics of the developed pigments and glass coatings with their introduction were studied on the comparator colour. Density of ceramic pigments was determined by pycnometric method, and chemical resistance was found on their weight loss after boiling in 1 N hydrochloric acid solution and 1 N sodium hydroxide solution.

Peculiar features of formation of the mineralogical composition of pink pigments are studied in the system CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-SnO₂-Cr₂O₃ with the use of granulated blast-furnace slag. The end product and carrier of the pink colour is the solid solution on the basis of tin sphene. It is established that the most rational concentration of chromium (III) oxide for the formation of pink colouring of the pigments is 2 Wt.%.

The usage of developed pigments provides obtaining high-quality pink-coloured glaze coatings, in particular for ceramic tiles.

Activity of the components of blast-furnace slag in combination with the effective mineralizing action of B₂O₃ additive allows performing the firing of pink of the pigments with the formation of tin sphene at reduced temperature of 1,200°C.

The review glances upon the colorants used for printing on ceramic substrates by ink jet technology and techniques, chemistry involved during the selection of the colorants.

The ink jet technology is an easy and a convenient technique, specially designed colorants are used for such applications with tailor made properties and features.

New developments in technology and chemistry of colorants to achieve successes in application studies of ceramic substrates.

N/A.

This review glances upon the history, development and practical approach of the current techniques with available dyes and pigments and the techniques involved during the synthesis and application.

The review paper provides information about the development of the inkjet technique on ceramics and available colorants with methods.

This study aims to the effect of NaF, Li₂CO₃ and H₃BO₃ minerals was investigated, and the best mineralizer was found to be H₃BO₃. Furthermore, the effect of temperature was investigated, and the synthesized samples were calcined at temperatures of 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C to select the optimum calcination temperature.

This study was aimed at thoroughly investigating the effects of mineralizer addition and temperature on the synthesis of malayaite pink pigment based on raw materials of SnCl₂-SiO₂-Ca(OH)₂-K₂Cr₂O₇. To this end, the optimization of the synthesis parameters such as mineralizer addition and temperature was completely perused.

The optimum temperature was 1300 °C, and the color efficiency of pigments was evaluated by colorimetric (CIE L*a*b* system) analysis, and these parameters were close to those of industrial pigments.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, the effect of mineralizer addition and temperature on the synthesis of malayaite pink pigment was investigated through the sol-gel method. Herein, different parameters were optimized to propose a novel pigment with a much better performance.

The purpose of this article is to provide information about interactions between pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph (PPFM) organisms and plants, their molecular mechanisms of methylotrophic metabolism, application of PPFMs in agriculture, biotechnology and bioremediation and also to explore lacuna in PPFMs research and direction for future research.

Research findings on PPFM organisms as potent plant growth promoting organisms are discussed in the light of reports published by various workers. Unexplored field of PPFM research are detected and their application as a new group of biofertilizer that also help host plants to overcome draught stress in poorly irrigated crop field is suggested.

PPFMs are used as plant growth promoters for improved crop yield, seed germination capacity, resistance against pathogens and tolerance against drought stress. Anti-oxidant and UV resistant properties of PPFM pigments protect the host plants from strong sunshine. PPFMs have excellent draught ameliorating capacity.

To meet the ever increasing world population, more and more barren, less irrigated land has to be utilized for agriculture and horticulture purpose and use of PPFM group of organisms due to their draught ameliorating properties in addition to their plant growth promoting characters will be extremely useful. PPFMs are also promising candidates for the production of various industrially and medicinally important enzymes and other value-added products. Wider application of this ecofriendly group of bacteria will reduce crop production cost thus improving economy of the farmers and will be a greener alternative of hazardous chemical fertilizers and fungicides.

Graphicalabstract:

The purpose of this paper is to validate the antimicrobial activity (both antibacterial and antifungal) of in vivo and in vitro ethanolic anthocyanin extracts of Clitoria ternatea L. (vivid blue flower butterfly-pea) and Dioscorea alata L. (purple yam) against selected bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Fusarium sp., Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma sp.).

The freeze-dried samples (0.2 g) from in vivo vivid blue flowers of C. ternatea L. were extracted using 10 mL ethanol (produced ethanolic red extraction) and 10 mL distilled water (produced aqueous blue extraction) separately. Two-month-old in vitro callus samples (0.2 g) were only extracted using 10 mL ethanol. The anthocyanin extractions were separated with the addition (several times) of ethyl acetate and distilled water (1:2:3) to remove stilbenoids, chlorophyll, less polar flavonoids and other non-polar compounds. Furthermore, the antimicrobial properties were determined using agar diffusion technique. Three bacteria (B. subtilis, S. aureus and E. coli) and fungi (F. sp., A. niger and T. sp.) were streaked on bacteria agar and dextrose agar, respectively, using “hockey stick”. Then, the sterile paper discs (6 mm diameter) were pipetted with 20 µL of 1,010 CFU/mL chloramphenicol (as control for antibacterial) and carbendazim (as control for antifungal) in vivo and in vitro extracts. The plates were incubated at room temperature for 48 h, and the inhibition zones were measured.

Based on the results, both in vivo and in vitro ethanolic extracts from vivid blue flowers of C. ternatea L. showed the best antibacterial activity against the same bacteria (B. subtilis), 11 and 10 mm inhibition zones, respectively. However, different antifungal activity was detected in in vitro ethanolic callus extract (12 mm), which was against T. sp., contrary to in vivo ethanolic extract (10 mm), which was against F. sp.; antibacterial activity of D. alata L. was seen against the same bacteria (E. coli) with the highest inhibition zone for in vivo extract (8.8 mm), followed by in vitro extract (7.8 mm).

Anthocyanins are responsible for the water soluble and vacuolar, pink, red, purple and blue pigments present in coloured plant pigments. These pigments (pink, red, purple and blue) are of important agronomic value in many crops and ornamental plants. However, anthocyanins are not stable and are easy to degrade and fade whenever exposed to light.

Plant extracts containing bioactive agents with antimicrobial properties have been found to be useful in treating bacterial and fungal infections, as well as showed multiple antibiotic resistance.

Both in vivo and in vitro extracts from vivid blue flower petals (C. ternatea L.) and purple yam (D. alata L.) have important applications as natural antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) agents in the coating industry, instead of natural pharmaceutical products.

The Colanyl range of pigment preparations has been an accepted criterion in the paint and wallpaper industries for many years. Based upon a well‐chosen range of organic and inorganic pigments, the Colanyl range provides a convenient source of colouration for most aqueous coating systems.

For a better picture still of the fastness to weathering of the various pigments in the chosen paint system, it is worthwhile studying more closely the reflectance curves which were measured before and after weathering for the determination of the AN values. In Figure 10 the reflectance curves of the non‐weathered and the weathered areas of the test panels are shown in pairs, again in order of decreasing fastness, i.e. beginning with the pigment with the smallest AN value. However, only the reflectance curves of the 1:50 reductions are shown.

By law, no substance may be added to fresh meat to enhance its colour; so one might be forgiven for thinking that colour is a good natural guide to meat quality. Indeed, cookery books often urge you to choose bright red meat and avoid that which is dull and brown. But this preference is based on a fallacy. The appearance of bright red meat is undoubtedly psychologically attractive, but it is not an indicator of quality. The fact is that meat colour is not a reliable guide to either freshness or flavour. As we shall see, a number of factors — ranging from the age of the animal through to the eventual packaging and display — can affect the colour of meat; although in most cases they do not affect the eating quality of the meat after cooking. It is the chemistry of the pigment myoglobin which determines meat colour, and it is affected by a variety of chemical and physical factors.

The worlds of ceramics and plastics, often disparate and in direct competition, are being drawn closer together by new processes in which Beetle aminoplastic resins help print colourful and complex patterns and pictures on tiles and pottery.

The harsh environment of space, especially radiation of direct solar rays, can potentially raise the temperature of the spacecraft to harmful levels. Thermal control coatings (TCCs) fix the thermal condition of the spacecraft acceptable for its components. This is possible by diffusely reflecting all effective ultraviolet (UV), visible (VIS) and near infrared (IR) (NIR) wavelengths of solar radiation and emmition of IR energy. The most commonly used TCCs have used ZnO as a pigment, but absorption of the UV light by ZnO pigment can change the ideal condition of these TCCs. The aim of his study is the using the porous ZnO particles as pigment to prevent the UV absorption.

To enhance the efficiency of these coatings, in the present study, nano-porous zinc oxide particles were synthesized and used as pigments for white TCCs.

The results revealed that the proposed TCC (TPZ), Thermal control coating with porous ZnO had better reflection (scattering) and emittance properties in comparison with the coating using ZnO as a pigment (TZ coating); so this coating had a solar absorptance value equal to 0.141, whereas this value for TZ was 0.150. Furthermore, TPZ showed higher thermal emittance (0.937) in comparison with TZ (0.9). These changes were because of the improvement in the refractive index, shape and surface area of the pigments. The general trend of the scattering coefficients for the prepared coating, as calculated from the Kubelka–Munk equation, showed that scattering was more efficient in the UV region, as compared with the TCC containing ZnO pigments.

This type of pigment for the first time is evaluated in TCCs.