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I must admit to a dream of a Utopian management training situation where there are no courses as such (see ‘Stop the courses I want to get off’, ICT, May 1970) but where getting the job done and learning are genuine twin objectives of equal importance. The concept is reasonable enough. In my Utopia jobs would be designed with equal emphasis on achieving a desired result and on the job holder learning or growing as a result of the experience. Perhaps you think my Utopia has already arrived? Alas, I have not yet found it.

Most intergenerational mobility studies use data on two generations to estimate the elasticity between son's and father's earnings. The purpose of this paper is to use a data set spanning three generations to estimate additional relationships between a person's earnings and family background yielded by intergenerational mobility models such as Becker-Tomes (1979) model and modified versions of it.

The paper uses data from the 1996 PNAD – a nationally representative household survey in Brazil. The author builds a data set consisting of 5,125 grandfather-father-son triplets by taking advantage of two characteristics of Brazil. First, commonly in Brazil, individuals live with their parents until they marry. Second, individuals tended to quit school and begin working at an early age. As a result, there are many households with adult sons who are not at the very beginning of their working careers. Since the sample is limited to households with adult sons, the author applies Heckman (1979) estimation procedure to address selection bias.

Estimation results contradict some predictions of simple versions of the Becker and Tomes model. The paper proposes a modified version of the Becker and Tomes model that allows for a skipping generation effect, and finds that family background explains 34.9 percent of the variation in earnings among males aged 16-27 in Brazil. If there were no differences in endowments (talent, IQ, health, physical appearance, attitudes toward work, family connections, etc.), the variation in earnings would fall by no less than 26 percent. If it were possible to eliminate differences in investment in human capital, the variation in earnings would fall by at most 21.1 percent.

The paper has two main data limitations. First, the 1996 earnings of the fathers and sons are used as proxies for lifetime earnings although the transitory component of one-year earnings may be quite large, particularly at young ages. Second, in spite of the efforts to deal with the sample selection bias, the paper shows that the intergenerational elasticity in earnings for the sons aged 22-27 is about 14.6 percent lower for the subsample of households with adult sons than for the full sample.

The paper finds evidence supporting the existence of a direct effect of the grandparents on the grandchildren beyond their influence on the parents, and reinforces consideration of this factor in intergenerational mobility studies.

The findings in this paper may suggest a room for improvements in economic outcomes of children in less privileged families through investment in formal education as well as policies that considers other aspects of a person's life. For instance, Bolsa Família – a Brazilian government program that provide cash allowances to poor families conditional on children school attendance – may improve the economic outcomes of poor children by enforcing formal education and by lessening the children hardships at home.

The paper proposes a modified version of the Becker and Tomes model which allows for a skipping generation effect. Under the assumptions of the modified model and in hand with a three-generations data set from Brazil, the paper estimates a lowerbound for the variation in earnings explained by differences in endowments across families, and an upperbound for the variation in earnings explained by differences in human capital.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of carbon permit allocation rules (grandfathering mechanism and benchmarking mechanism) on incentive contracts provided by the retailer to encourage the manufacturer to invest more in reducing carbon emissions.

The authors consider a two-echelon supply chain in which the retailer offers three contracts (wholesale price contract, cost-sharing contract and revenue-sharing contract) to the manufacturer. Based on the two carbon permit allocation rules, i.e. grandfathering mechanism and benchmarking mechanism, six scenarios are examined. The optimal price and carbon emission reduction decisions and members’ equilibrium profits under six scenarios are analyzed and compared.

The results suggest that the revenue-sharing contract can more effectively stimulate the manufacturer to reduce carbon emissions compared to the cost-sharing contract. The cost-sharing contract can help to achieve the highest environmental performance, whereas the implementation of revenue-sharing contract can attain the highest social welfare. The benchmarking mechanism is more effective for the government to prompt the manufacturer to produce low-carbon products than the grandfathering mechanism. Although a loose carbon policy can expand the total emissions, it can improve the social welfare.

These results can provide operational insights for the retailer in how to use incentive contract to encourage the manufacturer to curb carbon emissions and offer managerial insights for the government to make policy decisions on carbon permit allocation rules.

This paper contributes to the literature regarding to firm’s carbon emissions reduction decisions under cap-and-trade policy and highlights the importance of carbon permit allocation methods in curbing carbon emissions.

This multi-day lesson involves pre-kindergarten - grade 3 students in exploring the similarities found in grandchild-grandparent relationships across the world’s cultures. It stresses key concepts associated with these relationships: love; listen; explore; tell stories; play; teach; learn; celebrate; share; care; and happy, safe, and loved.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a trend in business strategy thinking which has been detrimental to the continuity of organizations, so that managers will reevaluate where they should aim their efforts at in respect to improving their organizations.

The research is based on a literature study, the outcomes of the current debate between the Anglo‐American and the European strategy thinking movements, and numerous discussions during workshops with management teams.

In line with the findings of current high performance organizations research, a long term focus of management is one of the most important capabilities management has to develop in order to safeguard the continuity of the organization.

In lieu of the scandals that rocked the business world these last two decades and looking at the main task of management – safeguarding the continuity of the organization by making sure the organization earns its place in society, replacing shareholder value thinking with shareholder value thinking is highly recommended.

This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on how to make organizations more corporate responsible.

The International Banking Act (IBA) of 1978 sharply restricted the ability of foreign banks to establish offices in more than one state. Yet during the late 1970s and early 1980s barriers to interstate banking with regard to US financial institutions were beginning to fall. The most important fact that contributed to foreign bank involvement in interstate commerce was the grandfather provision, which permitted multistate networks to remain in operation. New interstate banking has been curbed by restrictions on full‐service offices, but it has continued to develop through Edge‐Act Corporations, bank holding companies and the use of non‐bank banks. Interstate banking is likely to benefit the public and will probably continue to expand but at a slower rate and more in line with that of US banks.

Initiatives in employee development (non‐work related learning) represent a significant growth phenomenon. Identifies an orthodox account of ED which has developed alongside this growth; one that revolves around shared interests and a routeway to organisation learning. The assumed mutuality which underpins orthodox accounts of the benefits that flow from ED is characterised by a return to learning which leads to greater flexibility, increased commitment and ultimately enhanced performance. Addresses some questions which appear to have been ignored in the desire to promote ED. Highlights key issues, such as, when given the choice, most employees choose not to participate, and questions whether ED can really represent a learning process which is both distinct from and superior to that which takes place day in, day out, within the workplace.

I HAVE been divorced from the main body of my books for four years now. Poverty and a wandering life made it regrettably necessary for me to put them into storage, packed in tea chests, in a London warehouse. But now that I am the tenant of a cottage in the south of Scotland, and now that my life wears a more settled aspect, the day approaches when I shall be reunited with seven hundred volumes, the cream of the library of my grandfather, of that of my uncle, and of my own acquisitions.

This time last year we published a Vision Statement “Books and Libraries in AD 2001” by Margaret Jane Crawford of Lochgilphead High School (New Library World, Vol. 93 No. 1102, 1992, pp. 21–2). Margaret's vision was an entry to the Scottish School Essays Competition. The organizers, the Library of the University of Paisley, and the sponsors, John Smith & Sons (Glasgow) Ltd, encouraged by the response to their experimental launch of the competition, have been rewarded by another excellent range of entries to this year's subject “My Library”. Ten of these were short‐listed. Eight of these, including the three winning entries, are reproduced in Library Review, Vol. 42 No. 3, 1993. The two remaining short‐listed entries are published here by kind permission of the organizers and sponsors. Both these essays are imaginative combinations of technological vision with an appreciation of some of the intangible qualities of today's books and libraries.

The purpose of the study was to identify the economic impacts of landmine clearance on household livelihoods and to present the qualitative findings of a study undertaken in the Kurdish region of Iraq.

The sampling method followed a case series, purposive sampling design. Five recipient households were interviewed from different districts. In addition, purposively selected program staff (N = 4) and local community leaders (N = 2) were interviewed. When undertaking the thematic analysis of the Kurdish household qualitative interviews, it became very apparent that the Kurdish informants did not talk in terms of economic outcomes as a result of demining. The data were then re-analyzed using a narrative framework and reported in this paper.

While the research sought a link between demining, livelihoods, poverty reduction and economic development, the respondents told another story. Their story focused on the social consequences of returning to their “grandfather’s land”. Participants’ narratives told of resilience resulting from negotiation with the environment and the importance of regaining one’s identity and hopes to heal in the face of adversity.

The findings cannot be generalized to all mine action program recipients but have salience for rural households in the site of inquiry.

The paper is rare in illustrating the social benefits of post-conflict demining and its links with social capital and collective resilience.