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This chapter draws the book ‘Generation Z in Asia’ to a close. It first considers the value of the notion of generations before explaining the contribution of this text. The chapter then reflects on the trends that appear to be common across Asian counties while recognising the differences between them. Finally, the chapter questions whether the positive outlook for Generation Z in Asia will continue into the future.

Although a significant share of undergraduates, first-generation college students (FGCS) remain difficult to characterize. Consequently, academic libraries are challenged to identify the services most important to FGCS. This study measured the perceived importance of and satisfaction with library services among undergraduate students at an R1 land-grant university. The study further compared FGCS’s perceptions of library services with those of their non-first generation peers.

The authors measured importance and satisfaction using the Measuring Information Services Outcomes (“MISO”) Survey. They further analyzed responses according to first-generation status. The authors then compared mean scores and used the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to find statistical differences in perceived importance and satisfaction between first-generation and non-first-generation respondents.

The difference between first-generation and non-first-generation student responses was statistically significant for 35% of library services. FGCS rated library services higher than their non-first-generation peers for both importance and satisfaction. FGCS perceived library services related to physical spaces and access/discovery as most important. Library services that provide student support or access to technology showed strong evidence of difference between first-generation and non-first-generation student responses. The authors also determined the MISO Survey is a measure for assessing FGCS perceptions of library services.

This study adds quantitative evidence to research on FGCS and academic libraries, further demonstrating the importance of library services to FGCS.

Family businesses are characterized by the simultaneous presence of the family and the business system. The literature analyses sporadically the family support during the creation of a new family business. For this reason, the aim of this article is to offer new reflections and theoretical approaches in the field of family business studies. In fact, the study focuses on the first generation and the relationship and support with the previous generation (latent generation).

This perspective paper is based on a concise review of the literature.

The results of this offer a state of the art, synthesized and integrated, on the first generation to proposal the reader new knowledge on the first generation and relationships with family members.

This perspective paper distinguishes between the first generation formally engaged in the family business and the latent generation. The authors identify latent generation as a generation coeval with the first that supports the entrepreneur without being formally engaged in the family business. This study summarizes existing research on the first generation, highlighting the crucial role of the latent generation. Considering the latent generation determines an implicit and tacit generational transition not yet considered in the literature on the topic This study provides new research directions for scholars and managers to understand the entrepreneurial behaviors of families, family members and family businesses.

The objective of this study is to explore Generation Z’s interpretation of educational practices at the secondary education level. By examining the expectations of Generation Z, this study aims to provide insights for teachers and decision-makers to improve educational and instructional practices.

The specific approach employed in this study is Transcendental Phenomenology (TPh), which focuses on uncovering the perceived experiences, thoughts and evaluations of the Gen Z generation toward formal education. For this study, the maximum variation sampling strategy, which is one of the purposive sampling methods, was utilized. In line with the nature of the design, one-on-one interviews were conducted to collect data. Thematic analysis, a commonly used method for identifying recurring patterns of meaning, was applied to analyze the data. Peer debriefing or analytic triangulation, Data saturation, Triangulation and member checking techniques were operated to support the validity and reliability of the study.

In the light of the data analysis, four themes emerged: expectations from teachers, curricula, school administration and School Counseling Service (SCS). Gen Z expects from teachers “to be democratic, to adopt novel teaching approaches and technology, to have affective qualities, to be attentive to arts and sports, to conduct qualified assessment.” Gen Z has also expectations regarding the curricula in practice such as “functionality, extracurricular activities, and instructional practices.” The expectations of the students from school administration include “administrative expectations,” “expectations regarding the learning environment” and “social expectations.” The participants had expectations regarding School Counseling Service (SCS) such as “professional guidance,” “academic guidance” and “career guidance.” “Career guidance” includes “introduction of career paths,” “academic guidance” includes “introduction of university programs,” “exam guidance” and “teacher training” and “personal guidance” includes “accessibility,” “equity in guidance services,” “communication” and “functionality.”

The research is limited to the volunteers included in the study. In addition, the study includes only senior high school students, 12th graders, representing Gen Z. In addition, the study includes only Gen Z living in a metropolitan city. The methodological limitation of the study is that only one-to-one interview technique was used for data collection. The main reason behind such a choice is that the most appropriate technique for data collection in the phenomenology method is one-on-one interviews in order to explore individual interpretation.

The research sheds light on many different points in terms of different applications. One of the results obtained in this context is curriculum. Gen Z criticizes the limitation of the program to only in-school learning and states that extracurricular practices should be included. Findings also presents implications regarding learning environments. There is a growing emphasis by Gen Z on the adoption of green, comfortable and interactive learning spaces. The Generation Z population expects teachers to possess digital competence (DC) and utilize it in their teaching practices. This shows that teachers' teaching competencies need to be upskilled.

It is crucial for policymakers to support the development of teachers' digital skills and encourage their integration into teaching to enhance instructional productivity, promote innovative learning, increase instructional appeal, foster teamwork, improve communication and facilitate innovative learning. The research reveals that Gen Z is a social phenomenon and needs to be recognized and their learning needs explored. In this context, it is imperative that the preferences and learning needs of Gen Z are considered in the learning environment, content, method-technique and assessment stages, especially in formal education practices.

The current research is important both in terms of filling the research gap in the literature and making inferences about the learning preferences of the GEN Z generation. In addition, it raises awareness in terms of the return on educational investments, providing sustainable motivation for learning and school and increasing the quality of learning outcomes. While the study reveals certain implications, further research is required to investigate the competencies of teachers, the effectiveness of teaching materials, instructional practices and designs and learning environments. Future studies should particularly concentrate on the personal preferences, motivation, engagement and learning preferences of Gen Z at the secondary level. Authorities, including teachers, ought to reassess their perspectives and adapt their practices in order to better meet the needs and expectations of Gen Z.

The paper aims to propose a generation approach for unstructured surface mesh to speed up mesh generation.

The paper proposes a lightweight interactive generation approach for unstructured surface mesh and presents several key technologies to support this approach.

The experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible for unstructured meshes and it can accelerate the mesh generation process.

More geometric defects should be covered, and more convenient and efficient interactive means need to be provided.

The proposed approach and key technologies are implemented in NNW-GridStar.UG, which is the unstructured version of the mesh generation software of National Numerical Windtunnel (NNW).

This paper proposes a lightweight interactive approach for unstructured surface mesh generation, which can speed up mesh generation.

The present study aims to explore ethical consumption of Millennials and Generation Z and the effect of eWOM on their purchase intention.

A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was employed to test research hypotheses based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), examining the effects of attitudes and subjective norms. Additionally, the study assessed the impact of product characteristics and consumer awareness of ethical characteristics on purchase intention and eWOM.

Results reveal no significant differences between Millennials and Generation Z regarding purchase intention. However, Generation Z significantly drives the spread of eWOM. Notably, Generation Z's attitudes towards products from socially responsible and environmentally sustainable companies significantly influence eWOM creation, suggesting a potential new research direction.

This study is also subject to some limitations, which the researchers must point out and which may lead to further research. First, it should be emphasized that the study used a convenient sample, but the study is geographically limited in terms of its significance and the generations analyzed. For this reason, the generalization of the results should be done with caution. In addition, as the exogenous independent variables investigated in this study are limited to a number of different factors that influence the consumption of sustainable products, such as the company's reputation, the perceptual ability of the public to distinguish whether the actions of brands actually serve society or whether they are unrelated actions, as well as the personality and socio-cultural background of consumers can be included in future research. In addition, studies can be conducted to identify subgroups with different motivations among both Millennials and Generation Z and diagnose different market segments that could further confirm the findings.

Based on these findings, brands can develop their social network strategy by emphasizing the environmental and social attributes of their products, services, and benefits. It is also important to undertake initiatives linked to strong sustainability practices and information campaigns to form a positive attitude among consumers and strengthen their purchasing behavior. Particular attention should also be paid to the regular control of the effectiveness and impact of the messages to achieve the greatest public involvement.

Brands must focus on developing successful strategies to strengthen employer branding through a positive work experience, the creation of jobs related to sustainability, the correct application of ESG criteria in all departments involved, the adaptation of training programs, and the corresponding promotion of all these practices that lead to positive eWOM to obtain a competitive advantage (Clementino and Perkins 2021).

This study contributes theoretically and practically to the understanding of ethical consumption. It provides valuable insights for brands to enhance their social network strategies by highlighting the environmental and social characteristics of their products. By emphasizing these practices, companies can effectively engage Millennials and Generation Z, leveraging their influence to promote ethical consumption and gain a competitive advantage in the market.

Of the studies covering culinary tourism and traditional culture, Generation Z remains an underexplored group despite being the primary consumers of future tourism. Research into young consumers’ motivations is hoped to clarify, protect, and sustain Hong Kong Tong sui among this generation. As such, this study focuses on Generation Z to understand the types of novel experiences Tong sui can create for them, and it is worth exploring in depth the diet that young people are interested in from the perspective of traditional food.

Based on Creswell’s guidelines for quantitative research, we investigated the relationships among multiple elements of Hong Kong Tong sui and Generation Z tourists. A corresponding questionnaire was designed to gather information for statistical analysis and contains five sections. The first part solicited basic respondent information. Sections 2–5 presented several key terms (nostalgic emotion, food authenticity, FCV, and purchase intention) to frame the questionnaire in terms of our hypotheses. Items were scored on 7-point Likert-type scales for ease of processing in SPSS 26.0.

All hypotheses were supported, with nostalgia having the most significant influence on Generation Z’s purchase intentions. Besides, young generations are willing to buy traditional food when exposed to the restaurants or enterprises have nostalgic elements and inspire nostalgia in consumer. Generation Z’s thoughts about food authenticity notably played a more significant role than FCV in terms of the nostalgia of traditional food. In addition, food authenticity and FCV were found to indirectly mediate the relationship between nostalgic emotion and purchase intention.

Examining these types of campaigns geared toward Generation Z tourists to advertise traditional food has enriched this tactic’s applicability. The approach also constructs a foundation to scrutinize the appeal of traditional dishes among young consumer groups to potentially strengthen such food’s influence.

This study highlights the importance of leveraging nostalgia and understanding the emotional connection that Generation Z has with traditional cuisine. It suggests that enterprises can develop new products or revive traditional recipes that cater to the nostalgic preferences of Generation Z. Marketing innovations, such as using social media influencers, can also be employed to create awareness and generate interest in traditional food. Traditional food can contribute to tourist destinations' promotion and differentiate them from competitors, boosting the tourism and catering industries and creating employment opportunities.

The promotion and preservation of traditional food can contribute to the preservation of cultural identity and heritage. By engaging local communities in culinary initiatives and fostering community pride, traditional food tourism can strengthen the connection to cultural heritage and encourage the preservation of traditional culinary practices. This engagement can lead to sustainable development by promoting local traditions and ensuring the participation of the local community in tourism activities.

This study offers novel theoretical insights into traditional food consumption and food marketing, thus narrowing gaps in research on young consumers and traditional food. Results enrich the understanding of Generation Z’s intentions to purchase traditional food by highlighting tourists’ preferences. Guidelines are also provided for the operators on creating nostalgic campaigns that appeal to young generations.

The purpose of this paper is to derive the analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator (or inverse accumulating generating operation) and study its properties.

This disaggregation method includes three main steps. First, by utilizing Gamma function expanded for integer factorial, this paper expands one order reducing generation operator into integer order reducing generation operator and fractional order reducing generation operator, and gives the analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator. Then, studies the commutative law and exponential law of fractional order reducing generation operator. Lastly, gives several examples of fractional order reducing generation operator and verifies the commutative law and exponential law of fractional order reducing generation operator.

The authors pull the analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator and verify that fractional order reducing generation operator satisfies commutative law and exponential law.

Expanding the reducing generation operator would help develop grey prediction model with fractional order operators and widen the application fields of grey prediction models.

The analytical expression of fractional order reducing generation operator, properties of commutative law and exponential law for fractional order reducing generation operator are first studied.