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The purpose of this paper is to examine the short horizon stock behavior following large price shocks in the Indian stock market.

The author followed the methodology developed by Pritamani and Singhal (2001) to the short horizon stock behavior following large price shocks. Multivariate regression has also been used to test the robustness of the evidenced results.

The abnormal return following large one-day price changes were not found to be important. However, large price one-day changes, conditioned with volume, evidenced significant reversals and momentum over the following 20-day period. Large price changes accompanied by low volume exhibited significant reversals and suggests significant economic profits. The large price changes accompanied by high volume exhibited continuations.

Large price changes accompanied by low volume exhibited significant reversals and suggested significant economic profits. The large price changes with high volume exhibited continuations. The contrarian strategy of buying low-volume one-day losers and selling one-day winners produced significant short horizon economic profits in the Indian stock market directly contradicting the efficient market hypothesis and has behavioral implications.

In this paper, the author has unearthed significant simple profitable trading strategies based on reversals and continuation following large one-day price changes with potential for significant economic profits.

This paper provides a practical framework for profitable trading strategies based on reversals and continuation following large one-day price changes with a potential for significant economic profits. The analysis of short horizon stock behavior following large price shocks conditional on volume based on the chosen methodology has not been attempted so far in the Indian stock market.

Britain's merchant navy dominated the international maritime trade in the 19th century. The strong ship owners' lobby imposed on the shippers the only choice to contract either under bills of lading drafted almost totally on the ship owners' terms or not to contract. The conflict between Britain and its rival the American merchant navy precipitated a movement for the use of model contracts of shipment (carriage) and towards standardisation of the liability of International liner carriers by legislative intervention. The bill of lading through its use in international trade gained the characteristic of being the document which incorporates the contractual terms. So, the orally agreed contract of carriage gave way to the contract of carriage in the form of a bill of lading.

Compares and contrasts the contractual role of bills of lading in the context of Greek, US and English law. Discusses the legal status and contractual roles of these lading bills in the context of the legislative provisions and associated case law in each of the three countries. Concludes that the role of these bills is unsettled and there is no uniform perception. Recommends measures involving amendments to English legislation, to consolidate the regulation of international trade.

Although Greece is not a party to the Brussels Convention of 1924 on bills of lading (Hague Rules) major part of its substantive provisions has been incorporated in title 6 of the Code of Private Maritime Law which was introduced by Law 3816 in 1958. The Hague and Hague‐Visby Rules become recently part of the Greek law by law 2107/1992. The contract of carriage of goods by sea is regarded as a kind of the general contract of affreightment (charter‐parties). Scholars have clearly expressed in favour of the regulation of both kinds of contracts under the same provisions. So the former (contract of carriage) is governed by the same provisions as the latter (charter party)

This paper aims to focus on measuring and assessing the sales impact of temporary retail price discounts on all brands within a product subcategory as well as across other subcategories that differ slightly on composition and taste.

To test these effects, the study uses a regression approach to analyse data of several fast moving consumer good subcategories obtained from a Spanish supermarket.

The results confirm that temporary retail price reductions increase brand sales of the promoted brands, especially at weekends. Some brands gained sales at the expense of sales of substitute items within the same subcategory and also from sales of competing items in other subcategories.

The results of the current research suggest the presence of brand substitution effects within the analysed subcategories. In particular, while asymmetrical cross‐price effects are detected in only two subcategories, neighbourhood cross‐price effects have been evidenced in most subcategories. When considering the general product categories, certain substitution effects have been also evidenced: neighbourhood cross‐price effects are detected in most subcategories whilst asymmetrical cross‐price effects are not evidenced.

Retailers can learn from the experiences of a cross‐subcategory competition in order to determine which prices and discounts should set at the variety level. Though grocery retailers implement several decisions at the category level, brand level or even brand size level, it is valuable to learn from the experiences of a cross‐subcategory competition in order to determine whether or not it is interesting to set prices at the variety level.

The contribution in this paper consists not only of the measurement and assessment of the sales impact of temporary retail price discounts on all brands within a product subcategory as well as across other subcategories that differ slightly on composition and taste, but also of the application with data from the Spanish market.

This paper aims to evaluate the efficacy of a zeolite-filled silane sol–gel coating as protective layer on pretreated AZ31 magnesium alloy substrates.

Anti-corrosion properties of a silane–zeolite composite coating, at various zeolite content, have been investigated on AZ31 magnesium substrates subjected to different surface pretreatment procedures before coating deposition. A short time etching by hydrofluoric acid (HF) and an anodic polarization in NaOH solution were used as surface pretreatments.

High hydrophobicity and good adhesion performances of coatings have been observed. Corrosion protection performance, during immersion in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution, was evaluated by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests. All coating formulations evidenced good barrier properties. Better durability properties have been shown by coating obtained on HF pretreated magnesium substrate and with a 60 per cent of zeolite content.

High electrochemical reactivity of magnesium alloys represents the mayor limit of its application in many different fields. In this concern, zeolite-based coatings are emerging as potentially effective environmentally friendly coating for metallic substrates. Despite aluminum and stainless steel substrates, in the literature, only expensive direct synthesis zeolite coating was investigated for its application on magnesium alloys protection. For this reason, this paper fulfills the need to assess the adhesion and anti-corrosion behavior of sol–gel silane–zeolite coating in magnesium alloy substrates.

This paper aims to investigate how the implementation of the inter-cooperation principle among Spanish machine-tool cooperatives helps them to coopete–collaborate with competitors, in their innovation and internationalization processes and achieve collaborative advantages.

The paper uses a multi-case approach based on interviews with 15 CEOs and research and development (R&D) managers, representing 14 Spanish machine tool firms and institutions. Eight of these organizations are worker-cooperatives.

Worker-cooperatives achieve advantages on innovation and internationalization via inter-cooperation (shared R&D units, joint sales offices, joint after-sale services, knowledge exchange and relocation of key R&D technicians and managers). Several mutual bonds and ties among cooperatives help to overcome the risk of opportunistic behaviour and knowledge leakage associated to coopetition. The obtained results give some clues explaining to what extent and under which conditions coopetitive strategies of cooperatives are transferable to other types of ownership arrangements across sectors.

Firms seeking cooperation with competitors in their R&D and internationalization processes can learn from the coopetitive arrangements analyzed in the paper.

Findings can be valuable for sectoral associations and public bodies trying to promote coopetition and alliances between competitors as a means to benefit from collaborative advantages.

Focussing on an “ideal type” of co-operation–cooperative organizations – and having access to primary sources, the paper shows to what extent (and how) strong coopetitive structures and processes foster innovation and internationalization.

This study delves into the determinants and praxis of derivative hedging instruments (DHIs) usage of Malta, a small island state. Empirical evidence is also provided in relation to the impact of DHI usage and the adoption of a hedge accounting (HA) model in entities’ financial statements. A mixed methodology design is deployed involving: (1) a series of statistical models and tests and (2) seven semi-structured interviews with senior professionals.

The data collected comprise proxy variable values collected from the financial statements of 568 firm-years from 107 Maltese entities between the years 2009 and 2014. Greater likelihood of financial distress, decreasing investment efficiency and increased levels of gearing, are identified as being significant determinants for the use of DHIs. Although DHI usage is low in comparison to larger states, it has been increasing over the period under study.

HA is evidenced to be less popular in Malta, but the study evidences correlation between certain DHIs and HA usage. The quantitative statistical model results in evidence with no significant earnings volatility (EV) or cash flow volatility (CFV) reduction effects through the application of HA. Albeit, the study finds a significant CFV reduction effect emanating from DHI usage, but no corresponding EV reduction effect.

Better education and dissemination of the HA treatment by auditors and regulatory bodies could help propagate the HA treatment, potentially enhancing the EV reduction effectiveness of DHI use. This research provides empirical evidence to substantiate the rationale behind utilising DHIs in smaller island states, especially when coupled with a sound risk management culture.

The Travel and Tourism sector is continuously changing over the years. Indeed, a wide range of interests has been evidenced worldwide. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, tourists have experienced a drastic change in their expectations and necessities, demanding new kinds of services added value, among other variables. Uncertainty and COVID-conscious tourists remain evidenced after postpandemic recovery. Moreover, domestic, eco and digital tourism grow exponentially due to the current trends. The public and private sectors must understand the tourists' patterns and adapt their strategies to help the sector recover. Thus, by working together, tourism, despite being affected by COVID-19, regained its strength and continues to grow, inviting local and international tourists to travel to different destinations, adding the adaptation of those who offer services in this industry to meet the expectations of new trends and consumer behaviors.