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The study aims to ascertain the influence of solder conductive particle types and substrate widths on the current carrying capability of flex-on-board (FOB) assemblies. By comparing Sn58Bi and SAC305 particles and varying substrate widths, the research sought to provide insights into the stability and performance of solder joints under different scenarios, particularly in high-power applications.

The study used a comprehensive design/methodology, encompassing the investigation of solder conductive particle types (Sn58Bi and SAC305) and substrate widths on the current carrying capability of FOB assembly. Stable solder joints were obtained by manipulating the curing speed of anisotropic conductive films for both particle types. Various tests were conducted, including current carrying capability assessments under differing conditions.

The study revealed that larger substrate widths yielded higher current carrying capability due to increased contact area and reduced contact resistance. Notably, solder joints remained stable beyond the solder melting temperature due to encapsulation by cured epoxy resin. SAC305 solder joints exhibited superior current carrying capability over Sn58Bi in continuous high-voltage conditions. The results emphasized the stability of SAC305 solder joints and their suitability for robust interconnections in high-power FOB assemblies.

This study contributes by offering a comprehensive assessment of the impact of solder particle types and substrate widths on solder joint performance in FOB assemblies. The finding that SAC305 joints outperform Sn58Bi under continuous high-voltage conditions adds significant value. Moreover, the observation of stable solder joints beyond solder melting temperature due to resin encapsulation introduces a novel aspect to solder joint reliability. These insights provide valuable guidance for designing robust and high-performance interconnections in demanding applications.

The purpose of this study is to use liposome technology in the treatment of fabrics textiles because of its efficient energy saving, reducing time and temperature.

The newly prepared lecithin liposome was used to encapsulate dyes for the purpose of increasing dyeing affinity. Different ratios of commercially available lecithin liposomes (1%, 3%, 5% and 7%) were used simultaneously in the dyeing of cotton and wool fabrics. The treated fabrics (cotton and wool fabrics) were confirmed using different analytical procedures such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transition infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet protection factor, colour strength (K|S) measurements and fastness measurements.

The results show that increasing liposome ratios in dyeing baths leads to increased dyeing affinity for cotton and wool fabrics compared with conventional dyeing without using liposomes. In addition to that, the colour strength values, infrared spectra, SEM and fastness properties of non-liposome-dyed fabrics and liposome-dyed fabrics were investigated.

The research paper provides broad spectrum of green encapsulation fabrics using liposome technology to perform the dye stability, dye strength and fastness.

The paper aims to propose a generation approach for unstructured surface mesh to speed up mesh generation.

The paper proposes a lightweight interactive generation approach for unstructured surface mesh and presents several key technologies to support this approach.

The experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible for unstructured meshes and it can accelerate the mesh generation process.

More geometric defects should be covered, and more convenient and efficient interactive means need to be provided.

The proposed approach and key technologies are implemented in NNW-GridStar.UG, which is the unstructured version of the mesh generation software of National Numerical Windtunnel (NNW).

This paper proposes a lightweight interactive approach for unstructured surface mesh generation, which can speed up mesh generation.

This paper aims to prepare Poly(Styrene-Butyl acrylate-Methacrylic acid) @Poly Gallic acid-Fe³⁺ photonic crystal composite inks [P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe³⁺ PCCI, @ means the PGA-Fe³⁺ is loaded on the microspheres] and construct noniridescent structural colors on fabric substrates, with the goal of improving the visibility of structural colors.

P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe³⁺ PCCI were prepared by coating P(St-BA-MAA) microspheres with a metal-polyphenol network formed by gallic acid (GA, C₇H₆O₅) and Fe³⁺. The assembly effects of the inks were explored under different conditions, including pH, temperature, concentration and surface tension. The optimal self-assembly conditions of the inks were determined using the controlled variable method.

The results demonstrated the successful preparation of P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe³⁺ PCCI. The metal polyphenol network film composed of GA and Fe³⁺ was successfully coated on the surface of P(St-BA-MAA) seed microspheres. The assembly mechanism of the inks was investigated, indicating that at a diethylene glycol (DEG, C₄H₁₀O₃) concentration of 0.3 wt% and pH of 7, bright noniridescent structural colors could be formed on fabric surfaces after self-assembly by PCCI at 60 °C for 10 min. Furthermore, the mechanical fastness of the structural colors was enhanced due to the adherence of the soft shell composed of P(St-BA-MAA) and GA.

Utilizing a cost-effective approach and a diverse array of readily available raw materials, we have successfully prepared P(St-BA-MAA)@PGA-Fe³⁺ PCCI, which boasts superior performance and offers fabrics a range of unique coloring styles. This innovation paves the way for potential applications of structural colors in practical production, thereby broadening their realm of utility.

While past research has begun exploring digital-free tourism, tourism digital detox and their benefits, no study to date has comprehensively mapped trends, findings and limitations across this growing body of literature. This study aims to conduct the first bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review to address this gap.

This study utilized a mixed methodology of bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review. Structured search strings were applied to databases to identify relevant papers, which were screened according to inclusion criteria. Bibliometric analysis of included papers was performed using Bibliometrix, an R package enabling network visualization, statistical tests and science mapping. This allowed the identification of significant topics, theories, methods, citations and publication trends over time.

The results clearly show that factors previously lacking attention in past tourism research, such as the interplay between online and offline experiences during travel, are emerging as important determinants of travelers' well-being. This study outlines the current state of scholarship on managing technology's impacts on travelers' psychological and social needs. Specifically, we found limited research integrating how digital detox tools shape pre-trip planning, on-site activities and post-trip sharing of travel experiences.

This is the first study to comprehensively map trends and findings in digital-free tourism and tourism digital detox research using a blended bibliometric analysis and systematic literature review methodology. It offers vital direction toward strengthening theoretical understanding and supporting balanced connectivity and fulfillment for all tourists going forward. By addressing limitations, this research approach helps develop this area of scholarship in a unified manner.

Multiple encapsulated phase change materials (PCMs) are used in a wide range of applications, including convective drying, electronic cooling, waste heat recovery and air conditioning. Therefore, it is important to understand the performance of multiple PCMs in channels with flow separation and develop methods to increase their effectiveness. The aim of the study is to analyze the phase transition dynamics of multiple encapsulated PCMs mounted in a U-shaped tube under inclined magnetic field by using ternary nanofluid.

The PCMs used in the upper horizontal channel, vertical channel and lower horizontal channel are denoted by M1, M2 and M3. Magnetic field is uniform and inclined while finite element method is used as the solution technique. Triple encapsulated-PCM system study is carried out taking into account different values of Reynolds number (Re, ranges from 300 to 1,000), Hartmann number (Ha ranges from 0 and 60), magnetic field inclination (between 0 and 90) and solid volume fraction of ternary nanofluid (between 0 and 0.03). The dynamic response of the liquid fraction is estimated for each PCM with varying Re, Ha and t using an artificial neural network.

It is observed that for PCMs M2 and M3, the influence of Re on the phase transition is more effective. For M2 and M3, entire transition time (t-F) lowers by approximately 47% and 47.5% when Re is increased to its maximum value, whereas it only falls by 10% for M1. The dynamic characteristics of the phase transition are impacted by imposing MGF and varying its strength and inclination. When Ha is raised from Ha = 0 to Ha = 50, the t-F for PCM-M2 (PCM-M3) falls (increases) by around 30% (29%). For PCMs M1, M2 and M3, the phase transition process accelerates by around 20%, 30% and 28% when the solid volume fraction is increased to its maximum value.

Outcomes of this research is useful for understanding the phase change behavior of multiple PCMs in separated flow and using various methods such as nano-enhanced magnetic field to improve their effectiveness. Research outputs are beneficial for initial design and optimization of using multiple PCMs in diverse energy system technologies, including solar power, waste heat recovery, air conditioning, thermal management and drying.

The purpose of this article is to synthesize the topics, conceptualizations and measurements of value-based management (VBM) and to suggest a research agenda covering its next evolution as sustainable governance.

The authors conducted a systematic literature review of 80 seminal studies published between 1979 and 2022. The authors synthesized the studies by their conceptualizations of VBM in an inductively developed framework.

The authors find that scholars explore diverse topics related to VBM with a prevailing focus on shareholder primacy. There is a paucity of studies that focus on the integration of shareholder maximization and stakeholder management practices. The authors explain which studies will form a promising foundation for advanced research on sustainable governance that will reach beyond current VBM research.

The authors' research agenda addresses new future topics on conflicting goals within and between shareholder groups, offers specific suggestions for using new research methods and untapped data sources for VBM and paves the way to substantially extend the boundaries of the firm in VBM research to include stakeholders, strategic alignment and new sustainability measures.

Hexavalent chromium has been a benchmark corrosion inhibitor before it was phased out because of its carcinogenic properties. However, because it was phased out, many alternative corrosion inhibitors have been introduced but failed to meet the performance of this benchmark inhibitor. Consequently, benzotriazole (BTA) was reported to exhibit chromate-like inhibition performance. Subsequently, Intelli-ion was reported by researchers to exhibit chromate-like performance also with claims of being a unique alternative. This paper aims to review the inhibition performance of these two alternatives. Above all, promotes the unique inhibition performance of Intelli-ion that makes it suitable for application in many sectors.

In this paper, the corrosion inhibition performances of BTA and Intelli-ion were compared systematically by reviewing some related literatures based on the opinion of the authors.

Different methodologies for measuring the inhibition performance of BTA showed that it’s an inhibitor of choice. However, the cut edge corrosion performance of Intelli-ion and BTA corrosion inhibitors on galvanized steel of 55% Wt.% Al, 44% Wt.% Zn and 1% Wt.% Si in 5 Wt.% NaCl solution was compared when subjected to scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) for 24 h. The results showed faint blue-colored region depicting negative cathodic current density for the Intelli-ion while there was a high-intensity of red-colored region depicting a positive anodic current density for BTA. In other words, the Intelli-ion inhibitor had a better overall cut-edge corrosion inhibition performance than the BTA inhibitor.

This paper compares and further, summarizes the corrosion inhibition performance of Intelli-ion and BTA by evaluating SVET results from the literature. In addition, it serves as an overview and reference for the unique inhibition performance of Intelli-ion when applied in field applications.

Polytechnics in Nigeria are conventional institutions where academic board records are being managed in paper form. It has been observed that accessing these academic board records is difficult due to factors associated with the absence of preservation techniques and lack of clear-cut conservation practices. This study, therefore, aims to examine the preservation techniques and conservation practices adopted for the management of academic board records in polytechnics in South-West Nigeria.

This study adopted a qualitative method with the population comprising 54 records management personnel enumerated in the four selected polytechnics in South-West Nigeria. Triangulation method (questionnaire, interview and observation checklist) was used for data collection. The responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis.

Findings revealed that photocopying, binding and use of insecticides were the most rated preservation techniques adopted. The security and shelving of academic board records to allow for free flow of air were the most available conservation practices, whereas staff training was not adequately available. The topmost rated constraints were non-challant attitude of personnel in-charge, insufficient funds and inadequate infrastructure.

This study concluded that preservation and conservation practices are vital in the management of academic board records in polytechnics in South-West Nigeria. For efficient and effective management of academic board records, modern-day preservation and conservation practices need to be adopted.

This paper fulfils an identified need to study how preservation and conservation practices adopted for the management of academic board records in Nigerian polytechnics.

Toner is a crucial dry colorant composite used in printing based on the electrophotographic process. The quality of printed images is greatly influenced by the toner production method and material formulation. Chemically in situ polymerization methods are currently preferred. This paper aims to optimize the characteristics of a composite produced through emulsion polymerization using common raw materials for electrophotographic toner production.

Emulsion polymerization provides the possibility to optimize the physical and color properties of the final products. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize variables affecting particle size (PS), PS distribution (PSD), glass transition temperature (T_g°C), color properties (ΔE) and monomer conversion. Box–Behnken experimental design with three levels of styrene and butyl acrylate monomer ratios, carbon black pigment and sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant was used for RSM optimization. Additionally, thermogravimetric analysis and surface morphology of composite particles were examined.

The results indicated that colorants with small PS, narrow PSDs, spherical shape morphology, acceptable thermal and color properties and a high percentage of conversion could be easily prepared by optimization of material parameters in this method. The anticipated outcome of the present inquiry holds promise as a guiding beacon toward the realization of electrographic toner of superior quality and exceptional efficacy, a vital factor for streamlined mass production.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, material parameters were evaluated to determine their impact on the characteristics of emulsion polymerized toner composites.