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This paper aims to provide insight into the use of a standard for condition assessment.

The paper is based on a literature review, an analysis of the development, content and practical use of the Dutch Standard for Condition Assessment of Buildings, and the findings of several research projects about condition assessment and maintenance planning by Dutch housing associations.

By using the standard for condition assessment, building inspectors can provide property managers with objective data about the condition status of building components. Aggregated condition data could be used for setting condition targets for built assets and for benchmarking. It is anticipated that as a result of the standardisation, condition surveys will become more reliable and as a consequence more popular among large‐scale property owners.

The standard has been introduced recently. At present there is little experience of the use of (aggregated) condition data for maintenance planning and benchmarking built assets.

The standard is a tool to assess the technical status of the properties to underpin the long‐term maintenance expectations. Condition assessment is not meant for preparing the annual maintenance budget and planning of the work. Supplementary information is needed in the phase of preparing for the execution of remedial work.

This paper provides practical tools for condition assessment and maintenance planning.

The great need for an optimum preventive maintenance strategy coupled with the fast‐developing condition‐monitoring techniques has given rise to the invention of relevant condition predictor (RCP)‐based maintenance approach. The main purpose of this approach is to prevent the failures due to gradual deterioration of mechanical items in order to improve system reliability and availability. This is done by monitoring relevant condition predictors of constituent maintenance significant items of the system, taking into account the availability and cost‐effectiveness of the monitoring techniques. A comprehensive review of all constituent items is carried out and a systematic approach is used to decide an optimum maintenance policy for each corresponding group of items. An optimum time to the examination of relevant condition predictors is derived mathematically with required reliability as the optimisation criterion in order to implement the RCP‐based maintenance activities.

By adopting a condition‐dependent approach to maintenance, facility managers can exercise control over the desired maintenance performance levels and costs. The practice of condition assessment by building inspectors yielded variable results due to subjective perceptions of inspectors. Nowadays well‐trained building inspectors are able to manage condition surveys and provide property managers with objective, reliable information about performance loss and defects in building components. The implementation of various performance levels in planned maintenance requires not only the standardisation of the condition assessment method, but also the related planning methodology. This paper describes the findings from research in the Netherlands which examined the methodology of condition assessment of building components using a six‐point condition scale. Different categories of performance loss in maintenance are distinguished and linked to different kinds of maintenance activities.

Condition‐based maintenance is the diagnosis of component failure or a prognosis of a component's time to failure. The aim of this paper is twofold: a summary of the main assumptions regarding condition‐based maintenance found in the literature into eight postulates, and a comparison of the postulates against industrial practice. The postulates were formulated regarding the technical system, the managerial system and workforce knowledge.

The postulates were examined in a multiple case study of five large firms in the process industry.

The results indicate that some postulates were supported with empirical findings. Limited or no support was found for postulates concerning the application of prognostic activities, use of dedicated software, use of procedures, use of training, and the active management of domain‐related knowledge availability.

Practitioners can use the eight postulates as key elements in the management of condition‐based maintenance technology, and for the comparison of their current condition‐based maintenance practices with what literature generally proposes.

Other researchers have reported on condition‐based maintenance, but most publications focus on applied mathematics and new monitoring and simulation models. Only limited attention was paid to industrial practice so far. The study is one of the first in‐depth empirical studies into actual condition‐based maintenance practice.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss to what extent the maturity of a professional facilities management (FM) organisation can add value to the owner by keeping their building stock in good condition, functional and up to date in the long‐term. Are the Norwegian municipalities adding value in their building assets by applying a maintenance strategy? What are their strategies and how are they adding value to the end‐user? Is there any correlation between the maintenance strategy and the condition of the building stock?

Facilities management strategies and outcomes have been studied, in an attempt to map cause and effect related to the condition of buildings. A literature review of surveys and recent research has given input to a questionnaire that has been used in a survey of 31 Norwegian municipalities. Four municipalities were also given in‐depth interviews among key personnel of the FM unit of four municipalities. The authors have studied the effects of maintenance and how the indirect factors influence the maintenance.

Proper governance and political prioritization of maintenance and facilities management are found to have a positive correlation with good building condition. A long‐term objective and a strategy including a maintenance and management plan along with political commitment are key success factors for achieving a desired and sustainable standard of municipality buildings. It is difficult to document a correlation between maintenance expenses and building condition. This may be surprising, as it contradicts a general understanding in the FM sector. However, it also supports the assumption that building condition is influenced by a wide array of factors that interact with each other.

Establish a long‐term plan for the maintenance of the building portfolio, have a good overview of maintenance needs and user needs, clear strategy of how to develop the building portfolio according to user needs and ensure that the FM unit have good competence to do value driven maintenance.

The paper provides information about how 31 Norwegian municipalities are handling their building stock in terms of governance, condition state, maintenance and FM competence. The paper highlights the need for a change of mindset and asks: what are the strategies to have an upkeep and well developed building stock that adds value to user and owner? The success factor is highlighted to having a vision or policy of the properties that is followed up by conscious choices that prioritize actions to optimize available funding. This is useful in terms of communicating the consequences of lack of maintenance to politicians (owner representative).

There is widespread and long-lasting worry related to the condition of public purpose buildings and public investments. Public buildings make up a huge capital stock and proper maintenance and investments are important for public policy. Notwithstanding, the relevant research literature is fragmented and spread across several fields. The authors take stock of earlier and more recent research and suggest some ideas for future research.

The authors summarize the relevant literature and discuss implications of various theoretical assumptions and empirical findings for maintenance and investment strategies.

A better understanding of the role of public facilities in public service provision is important. Relevant topics for further research are the impact of technological changes, both in buildings and service provision, economic issues including macroeconomic shocks and trends that influence public funding and demand for public services, and advancing maintenance scheduling models to consider a portfolio of facilities. Further, the empirical literature suffers from a lack of relevant data to gauge both the condition of public facilities and their impact on public services.

There is widespread worry that poor facilities adversely impact public services, but the size and significance of this impact are an open question. This paper contributes by taking stock of the existing research on public facilities, maintenance, and investments, and suggest ideas for further work.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of condition-based maintenance based on unscheduled maintenance delays that were caused by ATA chapter 21 (air conditioning). The goal is to show the introduction of condition monitoring in aircraft systems.

The research was done using the Airbus In-Service database to analyze the delay causes, delay length and to check if they are easy to detect via condition monitoring or not. These results were then combined with delay costs.

Analysis shows that about 80 percent of the maintenance actions that cause departure delays can be prevented when additional sensors are introduced. With already existing sensors it is possible to avoid about 20 percent of the delay causing maintenance actions.

The research is limited on the data of the Airbus in-service database and on ATA chapter 21 (air conditioning).

The research shows that delays can be prevented by using existing sensors in the air conditioning system for condition monitoring. More delays can be prevented by installing new sensors.

The research focuses on the effect of the air conditioning system of an aircraft on the delay effects and the impact of condition monitoring on delays.

Maintenance represents a significant proportion of the overall operating costs in the mining industry. Despite the large cost of maintenance, management has only given passing attention to the optimization of the maintenance process. The focus has remained on the optimization of mine planning and operations where all the low hanging fruit was picked years ago. Recent initiatives in the field of mobile equipment maintenance have been in the area of remote condition monitoring. In order for an advanced maintenance technology to succeed it must have a strong philosophical basis and the supporting hardware and software infrastructure. A high bandwidth radio network, reliable interfaces, and a real‐time maintenance management system will enable remote condition monitoring systems. Explores reliability centered maintenance, remote condition monitoring, and the use of production and maintenance data for real‐time interactive maintenance management.

Points out that increasing pressure to prolong the useful life of a building without compromising the objectives of maintenance has led to an increasing interest in methods of integrated maintenance management. As an alternative to budget‐driven maintenance strategies, develops a new approach to selecting an appropriate maintenance strategy which relies on determining the consequences of failure of every item in the building, and determining a suitable strategy for each one. Analyses the relative advantages and disadvantages of corrective, preventive and condition‐based strategies. Advocates a novel, systematic approach to the management of building maintenance. Suggests this method will help maintenance engineers and managers to reduce the cost of maintenance while preserving the safety, health and satisfaction of the user.

In light of evidence of low levels of maintenance of public buildings, this paper aims to investigate trends and determinants of public building conditions in Norwegian local governments.

The authors consider data from surveys and public records in regression analyses.

On average, the condition of Norwegian local public facilities has improved slightly in the period 2004-2016. The survey data suggest substantial fluctuations in building conditions and a negative relationship between building conditions in 2004 and 2016. Local governments with poor building conditions in 2004 had higher investment in the following years. The authors find no systematic relationship between the conditions in 2004 and maintenance expenditures in subsequent years. They conclude that if maintenance levels are too low, the results suggest that investment levels are too high. Further, they find that both political and fiscal factors are important in explaining building conditions.

The authors provide insight into determinants and trends of building conditions in Norwegian local governments. The results hint at an unhealthy balance between maintenance spending and public investments.