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This work conducts a comprehensive analysis of how to incorporate resilience and sustainability into capacity expansion strategies for business-to-business (B2B) chemical supply chains. This study aims to guide both researchers and managers on ensuring profitability in B2B chemical supply chains while minimizing environmental impacts, complying with regulations and mitigating disruptions and risks.

A systematic literature review is conducted to analyze the interplay between sustainability and resilience in chemical B2B supply chains, specify the quantitative and qualitative methods used to tackle this challenge and identify the drivers and barriers concerning capacity expansion. In addition, a comprehensive conceptual framework is suggested to outline a compelling research agenda.

The findings emphasize the increasing importance of modeling and resolving decision-making challenges related to sustainable and resilient supply chains, particularly in capital-intensive chemical industries. Yet, there is no standardized strategy for addressing these challenges. The predominant solution methods are heuristic and metaheuristic, and the selection of performance metrics tends to be empirical and tailored to specific cases. The main barriers to achieving sustainability and resilience arise from resource limitations within the supply chain. Conversely, the key drivers of performance focus on enhancing efficiency, competitiveness, cost effectiveness and risk management.

This work offers practitioners a conceptual framework that synthesizes the knowledge and tackles the challenges of designing sustainable and resilient supply chains as well as managing their operations in the context of B2B chemical supply chains. Results provide a practical guide for navigating the complex interplay of sustainability, resilience and chemical supply chain expansion.

The key concepts and dimensions associated with capacity expansion planning for a resilient and sustainable chemical supply chain are identified through structured and comprehensive analyses of existing literature. A conceptual framework is proposed for delineating the intersections among sustainability, resilience and chemical supply chain expansions. This mapping endeavor aims to facilitate a future characterized by the deployment of a nexus of resilience and sustainability in chemical supply chains. To this end, a promising future research agenda is accordingly outlined.

Three commercially available chemical substructure databases are reviewed: Chemical Abstracts, Index Chemicus, and the SANSS file (Chemical Information System). Coverage and overlap of Chemical Abstracts and Index Chemicus are studied, as well as differences between Chemical Abstracts as mounted by two different vendors (STN International and Questel). Guidelines for determining the database/system of choice are given.

Solutions of the twin plane jets HF chemical laser flow based on a turbulent kinetic theory, due to a modified Green’s function method, are presented. The calculated results of probability density function (PDF) of various chemical species in velocity space, and mass fraction concentration distributions of various reactants and products in the flow field, are revealed and discussed in this analysis. The transport phenomena of different pumping rate, collisional deactivation rate, and radiative deactivation rate in the interaction between the twin plane jets HF chemical laser show that the properties of species mass fraction concentrations, collisional reaction rate, and radiative incident intensity are the dominant factors. The present study provides the fundamentals for theoretical understanding of twin plane jets HF chemical laser and further application to multiple‐jet HF chemical laser analysis.

Focuses on, and provides a background of, the REACH Regulation, a new system of registration, evaluation and authorisation for chemicals.

In October 2003 The European Commission presented to the European parliament and the Council of the European Union (EU), a proposal for a Regulation that will radically reform Europe's existing chemical policy. The so‐called REACH Regulation will introduce a new system of Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation for Chemicals introduced on the EU market in volumes over 1 tonne per manufacturer per year. It will also establish a central Chemicals Agency to oversee the efficient operation of the new regulatory system. The implications of the draft Regulation on Europe's chemical manufacturers, importers, formulators and those sectors that either use or process chemicals, such as the electronics industry, will be manifold.

Despite a number of concessions granted to the chemical industry following an internet consultation, there remain serious doubts over the workability of the system, as well as concerns over substantial product losses and fears over the competitiveness of Europe's chemical industry.

This paper sets out to provide a background to the proposed reforms and an outline of the main components of the REACH system as well as a summary of some of the likely key impacts on the PCB industry.

The Chemical Integrated Information Service Network (Chl2Net) is a comprehensive information service system which includes chemical, technical, economic, market, news and management information based on computer and modern communication technology, and built by the China National Chemical Information Centre (CNCIC). This system provides varied services for users both at home and abroad through an online service, a hotline call service, a consulting service and publishing service.

The European Commission (EC) has drafted a proposal for reforming the European Union's (EU) chemicals policy. The chemical industry has welcomed the broad political objectives of this policy, particularly those of increased protection of human health and the environment. The chemical industry also agrees that the existing process for chemicals regulation in the EU has proven to be slow and inefficient. However, it has reacted strongly to many of the finer details of the proposal, and there is a growing consensus that if the EC implements the strategy as currently outlined in the White Paper on the “Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy” it will have very serious implications on the competitiveness of Europe's chemical industry and related sectors.

The objective of this paper is to establish a solution strategy for obtaining dual solutions, namely trivial (conventional) and nontrivial (unconventional) solutions, of coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problems in heterogeneous porous media.

Through applying a perturbation to the pore-fluid velocity, original governing partial differential equations of a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problem in heterogeneous porous media are transformed into perturbed ones, which are then solved by using the semi-analytical finite element method. Through switching off and on the applied perturbation terms in the resulting perturbed governing partial differential equations, both the trivial and nontrivial solutions can be obtained for the original governing partial differential equations of the coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problem in fluid-saturated heterogeneous porous media.

When a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution system is in a stable state, the trivial and nontrivial solutions of the system are identical. However, if a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution system is in an unstable state, then the trivial and nontrivial solutions of the system are totally different. This recognition can be equally used to judge whether a coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution system involving heterogeneous porous media is in a stable state or in an unstable state. The proposed solution strategy can produce dual solutions for simulating coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problems in fluid-saturated heterogeneous porous media.

A solution strategy is proposed to obtain the nontrivial solution, which is often overlooked in the computational simulation of coupled pore-fluid flow and chemical dissolution problems in fluid-saturated heterogeneous porous media. The proposed solution strategy provides a useful way for understanding the underlying dynamic mechanisms of the chemical damage effect associated with the stability of structures that are built on soil foundations.

This study aims to examine the impact of managerial ability on the total amount of chemical releases reported to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) at the US Environmental Protection Agency.

Regression analysis is used to examine the association between managerial ability and chemical releases.

A negative relationship was found between managerial ability and TRI’s chemical releases, suggesting that more-able managers better reduce TRI’s chemical releases, relative to less-able managers.

By providing useful insights into what determines TRI’s chemical releases, this study should interest policy makers and practitioners.

This study contributes to and links two research schools: managerial ability in management literature and corporate social responsibility (i.e. pollution prevention) in the broad business literature. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first empirical study that performs a direct test of the association between managerial ability and TRI’s toxic chemical releases.

Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) produces a variety of chemical information in both printed and computer readable form. Although the information content of CAS computer‐readable files is quite informative, the database from which they are derived was designed primarily for producing printed products. Production of printed products involves a selection and formatting of information which carries with it certain inferences and implications that can be easily handled in context. Some concomitant disadvantages of printed products are due to the need to predetermine access points. By their very nature online files can eliminate some of these disadvantages and open otherwise inaccessible routes to the information. Processing of information in the creation of an online file offers opportunities to provide enhancements that add value and simplify the information retrieval activity. In this paper, we focus on implementation by the DIALOG system of bibliographic CA SEARCH files and chemical name dictionary CHEMNAME.

This paper is aimed at investigating a novel chemical oscillating chaotic system with different attractors at fixed parameters. The typical dynamical behavior of the new chemical oscillating system is discussed, and it is found that the state selection is dependent on initial values. Then, the stabilization problem of the chemical oscillating attractors is investigated analytically and numerically. Subsequently, the novel electronic circuit of the proposed chemical oscillating chaotic system are constructed, and the influences of the changes of circuit parameters on chemical oscillating chaotic attractors are investigated.

The different attractors of the novel chemical oscillating chaotic system are investigated by changing the initial values under fixed parameters. Moreover, the active control and adaptive control methods are presented to make the chemical oscillating chaotic systems asymptotically stable at the origin based on the Lyapunov stability theory. The influences on chemical oscillating chaotic attractors are also verified by changing the circuit parameters.

It is found that the active control method is easier to be realized by using physical components because of its less control signal and lower cost. It is also confirmed that the adaptive control method enjoys strong anti-interference ability because of its large number of selected controllers. What can be seen from the simulation results is that the chaotic circuits are extremely dependent on circuit parameters selection. Comparisons between MATLAB simulations and Multisim simulation results show that they are consistent with each other and demonstrate that changing attractors of the chemical oscillating chaotic system exist. It is conformed that circuit parameters selection can be effective to control and realize chaotic circuits.

The different attractors of the novel chemical oscillating chaotic system are investigated by changing the initial values under fixed parameters. The characteristic of the chemical oscillating attractor is that the basin of attraction of the three-dimensional attractor is located in the first quadrant of the eight quadrants of the three-dimensional space, and the ranges of the three variables are positive. This is because the concentrations of the three chemical substances are all positive.