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This chapter offers a systematic review of research into quality assurance and quality management in higher education. It begins by considering quality as theory and discusses the methodology applied. The origin and meaning of the terms quality assurance and quality management, as they are used in higher education, and their application and practice, are then discussed. The issues and critiques that have been raised concerning quality assurance and management are identified, before some conclusions are reached.

This study takes the position that the concept of fraud is socially constructed. Moreover, it asks why and how different understandings of fraud have emerged. Insights from the work of Lakoff and Johnson (1999, 2003; Lakoff, 2002, 2004, 2009) are used to analyze language revealing dominant worldviews and metaphors regarding fraud. The research method is a case study (Yin, 2014), and the analytical approach used parallels the one described in O’Dwyer (2004). The research setting is a report issued by the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, which provides a context to study different understandings of fraud due to the report’s divided nature. The analysis reveals three alternative worldviews, representing different assumptions about reality, that are at the root of the different understandings of fraud. These worldviews also lead to the usage of different conceptual metaphors which allow the commissioners to interpret facts in a manner that supports each worldview’s assumptions. The paper also concludes by providing a nuanced and critical examination of the results of the commission concerning its understanding of fraud.

THE General Electric Company of the USA Aircraft Engine Business Group's nex flexible machining centre in Lynn, Massachusetts recently produced its first production engine parts only 16 months after ground breaking.

This paper presents a guide to free online legislative and legal resources for non‐law librarians. Due to the efforts of the federal and state governments, in addition to the efforts of law school librarians, a wealth of resources has been collected and made available through the Internet on the World Wide Web. This is an excellent time for librarians in public and academic libraries without large law and government collections to take advantage of these new resources. This guide attempts to identify specific resources, show the scope of materials available, and discuss which sites offer extra features that enhance their usefulness. Some sites with good collections of historic and primary resources are also included.

To study the legal underpinnings of the definition of social enterprise in the context of the problems with the corporate legal structures available in the UK in the late twentieth century and the reforms of the early twenty first century to assess whether further reforms are needed to facilitate the growth of the social enterprise movement.

A definition of social enterprise is proposed and examined in light of the problems associated with twentieth century company law and the efforts to reform and develop it in the period, 2000‐2006.

Three major developments may be seen to have important consequences for the continuing reform and development of company law: the Industrial and Provident Societies Act 2002 (Office of Public Sector Information 2002a) (private members bill); the Co‐operatives and Community Benefit Societies Act 2003 (Office of Public Sector Information 2003) (private members bill); the PIU Report “Private Action, Public Benefit” (Cabinet Office/Strategy Unit 2002) and the resulting Companies (Audit, Investigations and Community Business) Act 2004 (Office of Public Sector Information 2004); and the Charities Act 2006 (Office of Public Sector Information 2006). Refers also to other developments impacting on company law, notably the European Co‐operative Society’s European Co‐operative Society Statute (SCE) Regulation and Directive.

Provides a useful guide to UK legal trends likely to impact on social enterprises.

The purpose of this article is to discuss creative HR solutions that can support broader business strategy in a challenging economic climate. It also highlights the need to adopt a proactive and creative approach to avoid simply reducing the level of service delivery when budgets are reduced.

The article includes five typical scenarios, which illustrate creative solutions that can be used to address challenging HR issues in tough economic times. Two case studies are also included to demonstrate the potential for improving HR service delivery.

During difficult economic times, the HR function is likely to be faced with the double challenge of delivering a significantly increased level of support for the business but with a reduced budget.

The article offers guidance on how to succeed in difficult economic times.

The value of this article lies in its illustration of how being prepared to consider creative HR solutions can deliver practical, tangible and sustainable benefits to the wider organization, even during challenging economic times.

GPO Access Bill Passes the Senate. The Government Printing Office Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993 was passed by the Senate on March 22. A discussion between Senator Paul Simon (D‐KY) and Senator Wendell Ford (D‐IL) clarified that nothing in the legislation should be construed to authorize the Superintendent of Documents “to impose any restrictions on the public's use or reuse of federal electronic information, or to diminish the public's timely and non‐discriminatory access to such information through existing means.”

The British Food Journal is in no way concerned with politics, and as it would appear that the propositions put forward by Mr. CHAMBERLAIN are commonly regarded as constituting matter for political controversy instead of being looked upon as subjects for serious investigation and discussion entirely outside the field of politics, it would be an undesirable course and one likely to be misunderstood and, no doubt, misrepresented, were we to refer to the great question which is now before the country without plainly indicating at the outset that we have no intention of supporting or opposing any political party or any section of politicians. We believe Mr. CHAMBERLAIN'S suggestion that the subjects which he has brought forward should be discussed on a higher plane than on the muddy plane of party politics was a reasonable and proper suggestion which all men of sense who are not blinded by political bias should applaud and endeavour to adopt. We do not mean to say that problems of so complicated a character are capable of being accurately solved, in the present state of knowledge, by scientific methods other than actual experiment. They certainly cannot be solved by abstract discussions of a pseudo‐scientific character. The factors which enter into the problems of political economy are so numerous, so complex, and so little understood, that to endeavour to argue even on the basis of what are alleged by political economists to be well‐ascertained facts in the so‐called “dismal science” is to lay oneself open to the charge of theorising from insufficient data. HERBERT SPENCER has lucidly demonstrated the universality of this scientific crime. On comparatively simple subjects, in regard to which a man has no special knowledge, he will, if possessed of the quality known as common sense, generally decline to deliver oracular opinions; but, let a subject be sufficiently complex and let the data relating to it be few, obscure, and uncertain, then decisive opinions will be delivered by all and sundry,—and the more profound the ignorance the more decisive will be the expression of opinion.