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1 – 10 of over 9000Philip T. Roundy and Mark A. Bayer
Research at the interface of marketing and entrepreneurship has emphasized digital entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurs pursue business opportunities centered on new…
Abstract
Purpose
Research at the interface of marketing and entrepreneurship has emphasized digital entrepreneurship and how entrepreneurs pursue business opportunities centered on new technologies. However, a different type of entrepreneurship focused on opportunities involving consumers’ (re)adoption of displaced analog technologies when digital alternatives are dominant – analog entrepreneurship – is a trend and counter phenomenon to digital entrepreneurship that is receiving intense practitioner interest but limited scholarly attention. The purpose of this article is to present a theoretical framework that explains the role of analog entrepreneurship in technology revitalization.
Design/methodology/approach
In this conceptual paper, the authors use the microfoundations perspective to develop a multilevel theory of analog entrepreneurship. The authors define and delineate the “analog entrepreneurship” concept and formulate a midrange theory explaining how entrepreneurs influence the reemergence of analog technologies.
Findings
The theory’s main insight is that the renewal of analog technologies is not confined to consumers. Entrepreneurs are creating businesses that stimulate demand for analog technologies. As a result of entrepreneurs’ activities, legacy analog technologies do not fade into nonexistence in the face of rival digital technologies.
Originality/value
The theory of analog entrepreneurship contributes to research at the intersection of entrepreneurship and marketing by expanding its focus to consider the entrepreneurs who revitalize displaced analog technologies when digital alternatives are dominant. The authors provide insight into the potential trajectories of technologies after their initial displacement and the role entrepreneurs play in shaping the late stages of technology lifecycles. The theory draws attention to an underexplored phenomenon made increasingly prevalent by recent technological disruptions and suggests an agenda for studying how entrepreneurs renew analog technologies.
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The purpose of this paper is to present a cybernetic way of seeing analog and digital along with a basic vocabulary for discussing assumptions underlying the use of both terms.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a cybernetic way of seeing analog and digital along with a basic vocabulary for discussing assumptions underlying the use of both terms.
Design/methodology/approach
Taking analog and digital not as properties of observed phenomena but as properties of observers, I ask not what is digital or analog, but what I do when I use these terms. I analyze introspectively, and report on, what I think my assumptions are when using the two terms.
Findings
I develop a basic vocabulary to describe engagements that I describe as analog or digital. This vocabulary is applicable beyond technical contexts and suitable also for discussing social and creative processes. It includes a kind of observer who I call matchmaker.
Research limitations/implications
The presented research is preliminary and subjective.
Originality/value
While previous discussions consider analog and digital as properties of observed phenomena, they are considered here as properties of observers. The presented discussion is sufficiently abstract to account for the analog and the digital at various scales, including electronic signal processing and human interaction. The author argues that discussions of engagements described as analog or digital must account for observers of these engagements, including those who act as their matchmakers.
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Analog designers working infields such as aerospace, the defense and nuclear industries, telecommunications and medical electronics have long faced a special problem when trying…
Abstract
Analog designers working infields such as aerospace, the defense and nuclear industries, telecommunications and medical electronics have long faced a special problem when trying to source application‐specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for their designs. Although digital ASICs have long been available with the degree of radiation hardening normally required for these applications, sourcing radiation‐hardened (‘rad‐hard’) analog ASICs has been much more difficult. In particular, the CMOS/SOS technology used very successfully to produce rad‐hard digital ASICs has long been considered to be fundamentally unsuitable for analog designs. Only now has CMOS/SOS technology been developed to the point where highly integrated, high‐performance rad‐hard analog ASICSs can be made readily available — thanks to a breakthrough by Swedish semiconductor specialists ABB HAFO that is now opening up new opportunities for analog designers everywhere.
The purpose of this paper is to present the methods of concurrent optimization of the analogue and digital parts (software‐hardware) of estimating, identifying and filtering…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the methods of concurrent optimization of the analogue and digital parts (software‐hardware) of estimating, identifying and filtering systems with adaptively adjusted analogue parts – adaptive estimation systems (AES).
Design/methodology/approach
Concurrent (complete) optimization of AES permits the determination of the most efficient algorithms for computing the estimates and the controls adjusting analogue units of AES in the way maximally improving the quality of observations delivered by them to the digital part. Performance of AES is assessed by the mean square error (MSE) of estimates which is constructed employing the models of input excitation, analogue and digital parts. Global extremum of MSE is searched by Bayesian methods taking into account the always bounded input range of AES and its possible overloading.
Findings
There are determined upper boundaries of potentially achievable accuracy of estimates, as well as optimal estimating and controlling observation units' algorithms, ensuring their achievement. New effects appearing in completely optimal AES are analysed.
Research limitations/implications
The paper presents the backgrounds of new and analytically complex approach. To clarify basic ideas and methods, the simplest but useful for applications single input‐single output and single input‐multiple output models of ASE were considered. The obtained results create wide field for further investigations.
Practical implications
The results of the paper can be applied in the development of new classes of high‐efficient adaptive data acquisition, measurement, controlling, communication and other systems.
Originality/value
Concurrent optimisation of AES is important task having no general solution until now. Known approaches allow only the separate optimisation of the analogue and digital parts. Presented original approach enables the correct formalisation and solution of this task that permits the design and realization of systems with characteristics close to theoretically achievable ones and exceeding the characteristics of the known systems of similar predestination.
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Mohsen pakdaman, Raheleh akbari, Hamid reza Dehghan, Asra Asgharzadeh and Mahdieh Namayandeh
For years, traditional techniques have been used for diabetes treatment. There are two major types of insulin: insulin analogs and regular insulin. Insulin analogs are similar to…
Abstract
Purpose
For years, traditional techniques have been used for diabetes treatment. There are two major types of insulin: insulin analogs and regular insulin. Insulin analogs are similar to regular insulin and lead to changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The purpose of the present research was to determine the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs versus regular insulin for diabetes control in Yazd Diabetes Center in 2017.
Design/methodology/approach
In this descriptive–analytical research, the cost-effectiveness index was used to compare insulin analogs and regular insulin (pen/vial) for treatment of diabetes. Data were analyzed in the TreeAge Software and a decision tree was constructed. A 10% discount rate was used for ICER sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectiveness was examined from a provider's perspective.
Findings
QALY was calculated to be 0.2 for diabetic patients using insulin analogs and 0.05 for those using regular insulin. The average cost was $3.228 for analog users and $1.826 for regular insulin users. An ICER of $0.093506/QALY was obtained. The present findings suggest that insulin analogs are more cost-effective than regular insulin.
Originality/value
This study was conducted using a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate insulin analogs versus regular insulin in controlling diabetes. The results of study are helpful to the government to allocate more resources to apply the cost-effective method of the treatment and to protect patients with diabetes from the high cost of treatment.
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Timothy J. Horn, Ola L.A. Harrysson, Harvey A. West II, Jeffrey P. Little and Denis J. Marcellin-Little
The aim of this study is to describe an improved experimental substrate for the mechanical testing of patient-specific implants fabricated using direct metal additive…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to describe an improved experimental substrate for the mechanical testing of patient-specific implants fabricated using direct metal additive manufacturing processes. This method reduces variability and sample size requirements and addresses the importance of geometry at the bone/implant interface.
Design/methodology/approach
Short-fiber glass/resin materials for cortical bone and polyurethane foam materials for cancellous bone were evaluated using standard tensile coupons. A method for fabricating bone analogs with patient-specific geometries using rapid tooling is presented. Bone analogs of a canine radius were fabricated and compared to cadaveric specimens in several biomechanical tests as validation.
Findings
The analog materials exhibit a tensile modulus that falls within the range of expected values for cortical and cancellous bone. The tensile properties of the cortical bone analog vary with fiber loading. The canine radius models exhibited similar mechanical properties to the cadaveric specimens with a reduced variability.
Research limitations/implications
Additional replications involving different bone geometries, types of bone and/or implants are required for a full validation. Further, the materials used here are only intended to mimic the mechanical properties of bone on a macro scale within a relatively narrow range. These analog models have not been shown to address the complex microscopic or viscoelastic behavior of bone in the present study.
Originality/value
Scientific data on the formulation and fabrication of bone analogs are absent from the literature. The literature also lacks an experimental platform that matches patient-specific implant/bone geometries at the bone implant interface.
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Erdem Tunca, Hasan Saribas, Hasim Kafali and Sinem Kahvecioglu
The purpose of this paper is to monitor the backup indicators in case of indicator failure and to minimize the situations when the pilot may be unable to monitor the indicator…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to monitor the backup indicators in case of indicator failure and to minimize the situations when the pilot may be unable to monitor the indicator effectively in emergency situations.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the pointer positions of different indicators were determined with a deep learning-based algorithm. Within the scope of the study, the pointer on the analog indicators obtained from aircraft cockpits was detected with the YOLOv4 object detector. Then, segmentation was made with the GrabCut algorithm to detect the pointer in the detected region more precisely. Finally, a line including the segmented pointer was found using the least-squares method, and the exact direction of the pointer was determined and the angle value of the pointer was obtained by using the inverse tangent function. In addition, to detect the pointer of the YOLOv4 object detection method and to test the designed method, a data set consisting of videos taken from aircraft cockpits was created and labeled.
Findings
The analog indicator pointers were detected with great accuracy by the YOLOv4 and YOLOv4-Tiny detectors. The experimental results show that the proposed method estimated the angle of the pointer with a high degree of accuracy. The developed method can reduce the workloads of both pilots and flight engineers. Similarly, the performance of pilots can be evaluated with this method.
Originality/value
The authors propose a novel real-time method which consists of detection, segmentation and line regression modules for mapping the angle of the pointers on analog indicators. A data set that includes analog indicators taken from aircraft cockpits was collected and labeled to train and test the proposed method.
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Maria Trinidad García Leiva, Michael Starks and Damian Tambini
The purpose of this paper is to review current policy and practice in management of analogue‐digital switch in broadcasting.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review current policy and practice in management of analogue‐digital switch in broadcasting.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a case study approach.
Findings
The paper finds that with regard the objectives of switch‐off, the broad policy aims of clearing spectrum, modernising infrastructure, and improving the services to the consumer are shared across the major countries studied. Uncertainty about the cash value and potential alternative uses of spectrum is natural given rapid technological change, but the common potential broadcasting uses include mobile television, high definition digital terrestrial television, and more digital broadcasters and channels, including regional and local developments.
Research limitations/implications
The study is restricted to Europe, Japan and North America.
Practical implications
The study has implications for assessment of European switchover strategies and role of Digital Terrestrial.
Originality/value
There are some overviews, but none of so up to date, nor with this geographical coverage.
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This paper describes introductory studies in self patching analogue computer systems. The problem equations are processed digitally and a connection word generated. This is then…
Abstract
This paper describes introductory studies in self patching analogue computer systems. The problem equations are processed digitally and a connection word generated. This is then interrogated for analogue significance by a hybrid interface. The object of the project is to investigate analogue multiprocessing and parallelism at low cost.
Guillaume Rohat, Stéphane Goyette and Johannes Flacke
Climate analogues have been extensively used in ecological studies to assess the shift of ecoregions due to climate change and the associated impacts on species survival and…
Abstract
Purpose
Climate analogues have been extensively used in ecological studies to assess the shift of ecoregions due to climate change and the associated impacts on species survival and displacement, but they have hardly been applied to urban areas and their climate shift. This paper aims to use climate analogues to characterize the climate shift of cities and to explore its implications as well as potential applications of this approach.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors propose a methodology to match the current climate of cities with the future climate of other locations and to characterize cities’ climate shift velocity. Employing a sample of 90 European cities, the authors demonstrate the applicability of this method and characterize their climate shift from 1951 to 2100.
Findings
Results show that cities’ climate shift follows rather strictly north-to-south transects over the European continent and that the average southward velocity is expected to double throughout the twenty-first century. These rapid shifts will have direct implications for urban infrastructure, risk management and public health services.
Originality/value
These findings appear to be potentially useful for raising awareness of stakeholders and urban dwellers about the pace, magnitude and dynamics of climate change, supporting identification of the future climate impacts and vulnerabilities and implementation of readily available adaptation options, and strengthening cities’ cooperation within climate-related networks.
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