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This study aims to analyze the effect of religiosity (RE), halal knowledge (HK) and halal certification (HC), attitudes, subjective norms and vaccine quality on the Muslim community’s intention to use halal vaccines in Indonesia.

This study involved 725 Muslim respondents in 32 Indonesian provinces. The model used was based on the theory of reasoned action development with the partial least squares structural equation modeling as the data processing tool.

The study discovered that RE, HK and HC did not affect the intention of Muslims to use halal vaccines. In addition, the MUI (Majelis Ulama Indonesia – Indonesia Council of Ulama) fatwa permitting the use of the AstraZeneca vaccine despite the haram ingredients was considered an excuse for Muslims to administer non-halal vaccines. However, several parties disagreed on the fatwa because the emergency legal standing for its permissibility did not apply to all regions. The reason was that each had different rates of confirmed cases, ranging from high-risk areas to those with zero confirmed Covid-19 cases.

This study examines the Muslim community’s intention toward using halal vaccines in several regions in Indonesia. In addition, this study conducted in-depth interviews as samples in several regions. This study also conducted interviews to determine the public’s views on government obligation about the Covid-19 vaccine. Finally, this study proposes a vaccine to avoid the possibility of controversy over the use of non-halal vaccines.

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of the business incubator and its impact on commercialization strategies based on incubatees’ aspirations in three business incubators in Indonesia.

A qualitative approach was used, which involved conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews on 14 startup owners who are tenants in 3 incubators in Indonesia. The data obtained were analyzed using a thematic analysis assisted with NVivo 12.

Business incubator effectiveness was found to be heavily dependent on incubatees’ satisfaction in their interactions with the incubators. Moreover, some patterns were formed from thematic analysis and used to produce three propositions.

The study was conducted qualitatively using only 14 interviewees or incubatees from 3 business incubators in Indonesia. Moreover, a thematic analysis offers flexibility from basic to organizing and global themes, but, in this case, there may be a lack of deeper understanding, for example, in psychological viewpoints.

Business incubators in this study need to reevaluate their incubation process based on their incubatees’ aspirations. These have to be considered from the beginning of the process, particularly the innovation aspect. Meanwhile, policy implications were also discussed

Policymakers have realized the importance of business incubators in enhancing Indonesia’s innovation and competitiveness, and this has made them encourage the establishment of some new business incubators. It is, however, important to note that most of the existing ones are simply “rubber stamp” and to improve their operations and performances, some recommendations were made.

Despite the potential importance of incubation in enhancing technopreneurship and increasing a nation’s competitiveness, little research has been conducted on incubators in Indonesia’s ability to fulfill such high expectations. This specifically means there is no information on the present and past perceptions of tenants or startups on the incubators’ performances.