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Consistent exposure to sunshine with high ultraviolet values has significant negative effects on human skin. Key risks include melanoma and the rapid onset of signs of ageing. For Chinese, these are viewed as undesirable, because their genetic legacy predisposes them to greater numbers of skin blemishes and because darker shades are culturally and socially viewed as less attractive. Properties in sunshine locations may need to modify aspects of their infrastructure and service delivery to meet the needs of the globally influential Chinese market. Shaded spaces, new activities, scheduling of experiences in the early morning, evening and at night, are all a part of the required innovations in experience design.

Identifying future tourism demand is a critical aspect for tourism decision-makers to ensure the long-term success of products, services and destinations. This paper discusses how population change, an important driver of tourism demand, may impact future demand patterns. It discusses potential impacts of projected demographic change, especially those resulting from the related aspects of population ageing and changing family structures. A case study amongst Baby Boomers and Generation Y on the Gold Coast, Australia, illustrates how demand patterns may develop over the next 15 years. The study incorporates different population scenarios as projected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics and shows a great diversity of demand amongst both generations. It is suggested that scenarios be used to analyse potential impacts of other determinants to obtain a better understanding of future tourism demand, thus expanding the scope of traditional forecasting methods.

There is clear and robust evidence of the importance of going outdoors to the health and wellbeing of older people. However, modern technologies have enabled more and more of the outside world to be brought inside. Though, it can be hypothesised that this is a poor substitute for literally being outdoors, little is understood as to why this is, not how much of the outdoors could be re-presented indoors to give benefits. This chapter briefly gives examples of how new technologies can bring the outdoors inside and potential advantages of doing that to help older people stay connected to other people and the outside world. It highlights what is still missing from literally engaging with the outdoor world, for example the social connection with other people, random-chance encounters with others, over reliance on visual representation and a lack of control. The absence of the mundane in many of the re-presentations of the outdoor world is also evident and this appears to be important in literal interactions with the outside world. Nevertheless, there appears to be great promise in connecting people to the outside world without literally having to go outdoors, especially for those with mobility impairments who are unable to get out and about.

This chapter provides an overview of the South Pacific states from geographic, environmental, cultural, political, economic and demographic perspectives. Topics covered include environments and hazards, climate change, cultural diversity, colonialism and late independence, economic development, population and migration, trade, and aid. The contribution of the most important industries of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining and tourism are reviewed. In terms of the future, it is argued that the key challenge in the South Pacific states is that of creating sustainable development, alongside employment and growth, and coping with environmental change.