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The purpose of this paper is to develop comprehensive risk management tool, Intelligent Risk Mapping and Assessment System (IRMAS™) with a contingency for multi‐site, multi‐partner concurrent engineering projects with the aim of achieving above‐mentioned paradigms. Its unique knowledge warehouse enables the use of organisational knowledge, lessons learnt, captured as well as best practices to minimise risks in project management.

IRMAS is designed to identify, prioritise, analyse and assist project managers to manage perceived sources of concurrent engineering risks. Several knowledge elicitation techniques were used to compile the knowledge used for the intelligent system developed. The core of the research is the reasoning methodology that not only supports the decision‐making process of the user, but also aids the knowledge retrieving, storing, sharing and updating process of manufacturing organisations.

A total of 589 risk items were identified for different project types, as well as information on 4,372 risk items and 136 lessons learnt were gathered. IRMAS is a proactive tool supporting project management activities. It is designed as a web‐based portal compiled in Java facilitating effective and a common communication platform between project partners.

Identification of risks during the complete product design, development and delivery process in a concurrent engineering environment is challenging. It covers the “product value stream” including partners, suppliers, research and development, design and manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, service and support personnel and customers. Within the context of concurrent engineering, the design style must be “Design WITH” approach where collaborative negotiation requires communication, consideration and collaboration. The full validation of IRMAS™ is successfully carried out in two large‐scale new product development projects. It has already been decided to be deployed by a large international aerospace company and is successfully commercialized.

The originality of the paper lies in its uniqueness in these areas: IRMAS provides a systematic engineering approach to risk management of concurrent product and process development based on risk management standards and Project Management Body of Knowledge, to leverage of success factors in manufacturing; concurrencies and relationships between several activities throughout product's life cycle are captured and mapped; the inheritance of risk between several phases are modelled and quantified; the wealth of knowledge stored in the knowledge repository and IRMAS's capability to reuse them for later elicitation in the system's knowledge base; and user‐interactive, unique dynamic risk management software package which will be available in the commercial market.

Effects of moisture and temperature on the behaviour of composite T‐joints made of carbon fibre composite (CFC) materials are investigated. T‐joints may be exposed to moisture and temperature during their service life. Under such circumstances moisture and temperature diffuse into T‐joints. As a consequence, the stiffness and strength properties of the laminates are degraded. Moreover, since the laminae in the laminate cannot deform freely, residual stresses are introduced. The analysis is carried out by the finite element method using a modified thick shell element that takes into account the hygrothermal effects. The analysis also accounts for the lamina material properties at elevated moisture concentration and temperature. Deflections are presented in the form of contours, and maximum stresses developed in the Redux layer are presented in tabular forms. Two stacking sequences with clamped boundary conditions are considered for each variation in moisture and temperature

The aim of this paper is to investigate the initiation and progress of damage in laminated composite shells at elevated moisture concentration and temperature due to low‐velocity impacts.

A finite element analysis procedure is developed to investigate the initiation and propagation of damage in laminated composite shells in hygrothermal environments.

It was found inter alia, that in the case of rise of temperature present FEM results match well with closed form solutions and that stress results at different levels of moisture concentration agree with the results published in the open literature.

The paper provides in‐depth insight into the progress of damage in laminated shell structures.

The paper investigates initiation and progress of damage in laminated composite shell structures due to low‐velocity impacts.

This paper deals with the experimental investigation and non‐linear finite element analysis of composite wing T‐joints in hygrothermal environments. This study is concerned with T‐joints subjected to tension (pull‐out) force and their behaviour up to ultimate failure under bone dry and hygrothermal environments. The behaviour of such joints is complex due to the geometry of the joint configuration and laminated construction. T‐joints are also susceptible when exposed to moisture and temperature environments. As a consequence, the stiffness and strength properties of laminates because degraded. A three‐dimensional 20‐noded multidirectional composite element is developed using three‐dimensional super element concept to analyse both unstitched and stitched T‐joints. All the stress components are computed and the failure loads are evaluated using different failure criteria to get better insight into the behaviour of laminated composite wing T‐joints.

Focusing on an interview conducted with a Bedouin respondent on the subject on genetic counseling, this paper offers a symbolic interactionist framework for juxtaposing theory and practice, research and implementation, observation as well as intervention. The analysis exposes the interview as an arena for negotiation using constructs such as performance, impression management, micro-politics, weak and strong languages, and cultural difference.

New types of manufactured goods can have disbenefits and negative consequences, as well as benefits and positive consequences. However, disbenefits and negative consequences have received little consideration within manufacturing literature related to new product development (NPD). The purpose of this paper is to provide preliminary analysis, and propose improvements to NPD screening processes, which can facilitate reduction of disbenefits and negative consequences that can arise from new manufactured goods.

The research comprised a review of the literature relating to: new product development processes; disbenefits of manufactured goods; and negative consequences arising from manufactured goods.

There is often broad consensus about the disbenefits of manufactured goods. However, some disbenefits are not stopped before they have contributed to potentially irreversible negative global consequences. This can be because there is often disagreement about, for example, the composition and extent of negative consequences.

NPD processes should be improved to facilitate reduction of disbenefits and negative consequences. In particular, the screening of new manufactured goods as they progress from idea to concept to development should be improved.

The originality of the paper is that it provides descriptions of underlying characteristics that differentiate disbenefits and negative consequences. These descriptions can enable better understanding of how negative unintended consequences arise from the introduction of new types of manufactured goods. The value of this paper is that it proposes improvements to NPD screening processes that can facilitate reduction of disbenefits and their negative consequences.

Globally expanding supply chains (SCs) have grown in complexity increasing the nature and magnitude of risks companies are exposed to. Effective methods to identify, model and analyze these risks are needed. Risk events often influence each other and rarely act independently. The SC risk management practices currently used are mostly qualitative in nature and are unable to fully capture this interdependent influence of risks. The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology and tool developed for multi-tier SC risk modeling and analysis.

SC risk taxonomy is developed to identify and document all potential risks in SCs and a risk network map that captures the interdependencies between risks is presented. A Bayesian Theory-based approach, that is capable of analyzing the conditional relationships between events, is used to develop the methodology to assess the influence of risks on SC performance

Application of the methodology to an industry case study for validation reveals the usefulness of the Bayesian Theory-based approach and the tool developed. Back propagation to identify root causes and sensitivity of risk events in multi-tier SCs is discussed.

SC risk management has grown in significance over the past decade. However, the methods used to model and analyze these risks by practitioners is still limited to basic qualitative approaches that cannot account for the interdependent effect of risk events. The method presented in this paper and the tool developed demonstrates the potential of using Bayesian Belief Networks to comprehensively model and study the effects or SC risks. The taxonomy presented will also be very useful for managers as a reference guide to begin risk identification.

The taxonomy developed presents a comprehensive compilation of SC risks at organizational, industry, and external levels. A generic, customizable software tool developed to apply the Bayesian approach permits capturing risks and the influence of their interdependence to quantitatively model and analyze SC risks, which is lacking.

Risk identification is the first and crucial step in supply chain risk management process. Due to the nature and complexity of supply chain networks of manufacturing organizations, risk identification nowadays has become more challenging. The purpose of this paper to present the development of a tool, called Supply Chain Risk Identification System (SCRIS), for assisting decision makers in identifying existing risks, and the interrelationship of risks in supply chain (SC) network, by considering different process strategies, namely make to stock (MTS), make to order (MTO) and engineering to order (ETO).

SCRIS is developed using a knowledge‐based system (KBS) approach. The knowledge is represented in ruled based form and written using CLIPS expert system language program. To ensure its feasibility, SCRIS is validated using real case studies in several manufacturing industries.

Feedback gathered from organizations involved in validations processes imply the benefit of using SCRIS as a decision support tool in identifying SC risks. SCRIS also has additional positive role in supply chain risk management (SCRM) by promoting communication and collaboration between SC partners.

SCRIS provides an extensive tool using KBS approach which covers hundreds of SC risk sub‐factors, risk factors, and risk events, as well as mapping the interactions and considering different process strategies which have not been developed to date. A novel SC risks taxonomy is also proposed which encompasses broader issues in the SC network.

Public service announcements (PSAs) are frequently used tools to try to change attitudes and behaviors on social issues, including texting and driving, which has been social problem for over a decade. However, the effectiveness of such PSA campaigns often meet with varying degrees of success, suggesting changes to current anti-texting and driving campaigns are needed. This study aims to examine how to design more effective anti-texting and driving PSA campaigns by identifying the elements of existing campaigns that have the strongest impact on attitude change.

In total, 682 respondents from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk participated in an online study in which they evaluated 162 real-world anti-texting and driving ads. Respondents evaluated the ads on various ad elements (i.e. type of appeal, source of emotion, discrete emotions and perceived creativity), as well as their attitudes toward the issue after seeing the ad.

PSAs that use emotional (vs rational) appeals, evoke emotion through imagery (vs text) and/or use fear (vs disgust, anger or guilt) result in the largest changes in attitude. In addition, more creative PSAs are more effective at changing attitudes.

Overall, the results provide useful information to social marketers on how to design more effective anti-texting and driving campaigns.

This paper examines a premarital genetics program focusing on congenital deafness, conducted in Israel with a Bedouin minority group characterized by consanguinity, a religious ban on abortion, and high prevalence of genetic diseases. Building on interviews with counselors and counselees as well as observations of the interactions between them, the analysis describes the professional, communal, public and private arenas of negotiation that surround the process of genetic counseling.