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Introduction THE problem of communication of ideas and results between scientists of different native languages is not new. For many centuries a solution to the problem was found in the use of Latin as the international language of the Church and of the educated classes, but this solution vanished with the passing of Latin as the language of scientists. Since that time there has been an enormous growth and ramification of science and technology, with a corresponding increase in the volume of scientific and technical publication. As the papers of value to the scientist are published in any one of a number of languages, there has been an increasing demand for the services of technical translators; for the scientist cannot afford to ignore foreign work on his subject, and he cannot as a rule read all the languages in which that work is published.

Aims to investigates the difficult area of which dictionary to choose for a set purpose.Design/methodology/approach –This is a viewpoint paper drawn from the author's own experience.Findings – It is important to know one's dictionaries. Clarity of purpose in selection, clarity of arrangement on the shelves, and clarity of intent in the volumes are all factors that influence one's choice of dictionary.Originality/value – Given the above, correct choice of dictionary and clarity of thought on the part of the user could lead to a more clear‐sighted and creative society.Paper type – Viewpoint

Needs for information literacy, disparities in society, bridging digital divides, richness of information sources in electronic (e-)environments and the value of dictionaries have often been propagated. To improve information sources and information literacy training, information behaviour must be understood (i.e. all information activities). This paper conceptualises new opportunities for information sources (e.g. electronic dictionaries) to all society sectors, dictionary literacy and research lenses such as lexicography to supplement information literacy and behaviour research.

A scoping review of information literacy and behaviour, lexicography and dictionary literature grounds the conceptualisation of dictionary literacy, its alignment with information literacy, information activities and information behaviour and lexicography as additional research lens.

Research lenses must acknowledge dictionary use in e-environments, information activities and skills, meanings of information and dictionary literacy, the value of e-dictionaries, alignment with information behaviour research that guides the development of information sources and interdisciplinary research from, e.g. lexicography – thus contextualisation.

Research implications – information behaviour and information literacy research can be enriched by lexicography as research lens. Further conceptualisation could align information behaviour, information literacy and dictionary literacy.

Dictionary training, aligned with information literacy training, can be informed by this paper.

The value of dictionary literacy for all sectors of societies can be improved.

Large bodies of literature on information behaviour and lexicography individually do not cover combined insights from both.

A growing body of research outlines how to best facilitate and ensure methodological rigor when using dictionary-based computerized text analyses (DBCTA) in organizational research. However, these best practices are currently scattered across several methodological and empirical manuscripts, making it difficult for scholars new to the technique to implement DBCTA in their own research. To better equip researchers looking to leverage this technique, this methodological report consolidates current best practices for applying DBCTA into a single, practical guide. In doing so, we provide direction regarding how to make key design decisions and identify valuable resources to help researchers from the beginning of the research process through final publication. Consequently, we advance DBCTA methods research by providing a one-stop reference for novices and experts alike concerning current best practices and available resources.

Purpose: This study aims to identify communication speech acts and transaction terms in online stores (Olshop) during live streaming on Facebook amid the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand communication patterns between sellers and buyers when shopping on Facebook live streaming in Indonesia.

The Need for Research: This research is motivated by the skill gap arising from increasing buying and selling transactions through live streaming on Facebook. Cultural and demographic shifts, along with the widespread availability of modern technologies and marketing 2.0 have resulted in the global population adopting social media at rates far beyond our use of the Internet, making a compelling case by example and analogy that social media has the potential to level the playing field and is effective in reaching their target market.

Methodology: The type of research is descriptive-qualitative using corpus data instruments. The data collection technique in this study was carried out by reading and observing the data and listening to speeches about buying and selling women’s equipment from various online stores on Facebook. Then select and sort the data designated as forms, strategies, and functions of speech acts in buying and selling transactions during live streaming on Facebook. The data analysis technique has three steps: (1) reducing the amount of data; (2) presenting the data; and (3) concluding.

Findings: The results show that there are four types of speech acts between sellers and buyers in the live-streaming online shop on Facebook, namely, assertive, directive, expressive, and commissive speech acts.

Picture if you can: a word And if you can, you have the beginnings of a children's dictionary. Take a child, or better yet have one of your own, shake him in a bag filled with picture‐words, and the most pleasing combinations are likely to occur. The point of this illustration, and all word illustrations for that matter, is the potential they possess in the hands of a child for unlimited possibilities, creative growth, and excitement about language.

The purpose of this paper is to identify criteria according to which e-dictionaries can be evaluated. Information technology can be used to enhance e-dictionaries, but if not done carefully, information tools that completely overwhelm a user with irrelevant information can be developed. Criteria are necessary according to which e-dictionaries can be developed and evaluated to ensure tools that only provide relevant information on demand.

A literature review was conducted to identify trends in lexicography and modern information technology. Previous usability studies were considered to identify key usability issues. The information was synthesised to identify a set of criteria.

It was found the e-dictionaries should be evaluated according to their content, information architecture, navigation, access (searching and browsing), help, customisation and use of other innovative technologies.

A comprehensive set of criteria has been identified that can be used to evaluate e-dictionaries and to guide lexicographers in the development of e-dictionaries.

It is now forty years since there appeared H. R. Plomer's first volume Dictionary of the booksellers and printers who were at work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667. This has been followed by additional Bibliographical Society publications covering similarly the years up to 1775. From the short sketches given in this series, indicating changes of imprint and type of work undertaken, scholars working with English books issued before the closing years of the eighteenth century have had great assistance in dating the undated and in determining the colour and calibre of any work before it is consulted.

Any major dictionary needs to be continuously updated to keep current with the rapid growth of language. Faced with the need for such endless supplementation, Oxford University Press, in considering the available choices, concluded that automating the Oxford English Dictionary offered the only practicable solution. Traditional “cut‐and‐paste” methods of revision were ruled out as inadequate to meet the requirements of a task of such staggering proportions. But even if Oxford University Press had not planned to revise or enhance the Oxford English Dictionary, automation would still have brought enormous benefits to those who make extraordinary demands on dictionaries, for a traditional printed dictionary is a very unsatisfying reference tool in many ways, serving only if its conditions of strict lineality are accepted. If, on the other hand, an unreasonable demand of a dictionary is made, such as “Print out two carefully dated lists of all English adjectives ending in ‐ic and ‐ical,” then the traditional dictionary is about as useful as a sling‐shot or a royal command that the tides cease. Computerization, thus, can transform the linear reference tool into a versatile research tool with multiple points of access and provide scholars with a lexicographical research tool of unparalleled subtlety and power.

Dictionaries of quotations are one of the more personal categories of reference books as evidenced by the diverse responses of their reviewers. The latest edition of The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations was considered “a splendid achievement” by one and “a disaster” by another, while a third introduced his critique with the caution, “It can be said about any such book that its contents will be in‐adequate and its editors presumptuous …”