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This study aims to investigate whether Bangladesh would avoid the middle-income trap (MIT) in its transition to a high-income country (HIC) according to its “Vision 2041”.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate whether Bangladesh would avoid the middle-income trap (MIT) in its transition to a high-income country (HIC) according to its “Vision 2041”.
Design/methodology/approach
Using both actual and forecasted secondary data, three MIT models of different approaches were used to evaluate the government’s vision-based projections. Moreover, crucial indicators of deindustrialization and institutional strength were linked to the investigation of potential transitions.
Findings
According to the absolute definition and international forecasts, the Bangladesh economy might not fall into an MIT at its lower-middle-income level within the intended period due to being shorter than the defined limit. However, its real GDP per capita relative to the USA would remain far below the defined threshold limit of an upper-middle-income country (UMC) in 2041. Meanwhile, Bangladesh has reached the third of the five gradual phases and is awaiting a new transition in 2029. However, its vision-based plan would face challenges such as skills gaps, institutional reforms and successive global crises.
Practical implications
Bangladesh might be trapped in MIT at the UMC level in the 2030s, with no path to renovate after the demographic dividend ends in 2047. In this regard, the government must demonstrate a strong political will to ensure the effectiveness of its policies and the viability of its institutions.
Originality/value
This study not only compared projections to forecasts using different MIT models but also connected transition phases to industrial policies and institutional strengths.
Details
Keywords
Mohsin Raza, Rimsha Khalid and Hassan Raza
There has been substantial research on branding globally. However, there is a dearth of studies empirically investigating branding strategies during the pandemic to mitigate…
Abstract
Purpose
There has been substantial research on branding globally. However, there is a dearth of studies empirically investigating branding strategies during the pandemic to mitigate COVID-19 effects on the airline industry. The paper considers three factors which are brand familiarity, brand communication and brand reputation to develop the brand trust of customers and that ultimately influence their brand preferences.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is based on self-administrative surveys as 450 questionnaires were spread, received 339 responses and a total of 301 questionnaires were selected for data analysis by structural-based modeling after the deletion of outliers and partially filled questionnaires. The data was collected through purposive sampling from Malaysian airports.
Findings
The findings confirm the relationship of brand communication, brand familiarity and brand reputation to brand trust and brand preference through mediation and directly except direct relationship of brand familiarity to brand preference. The study is limited to the provided dataset of surveys. The present study couldn't interview respondents which can be done by future studies and also effects of COVID-19 can be examined on related industries or through comparative studies among countries.
Originality/value
The present study is the first to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on airline brands and explored the strategies to respond to crises. The study is one of the rare studies that consider branding strategies to the uplift airline industry and mitigate post-pandemic effects from the airline sector.
Details
Keywords
The Chinese slowdown will also affect many developing countries that rely on raw materials exports to China and have already been impacted by sharp rises in interest rates, as…
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282003
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Despite the slowdown, growth in remittances in 2022 still reached double digits. This was mainly due to the strength of the labour market in the United States, where the majority…
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280470
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
RUSSIA: Service sector fall may signal wider slowdown
Migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) sent a record amount of money to relatives last year due mainly to a strong labour market in the United States, where most of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284329
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The downgrade reflects the expected realisation this year of the delayed global economic slowdown. The resulting debt overhang in the region has depleted the space for fiscal…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280137
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Real GDP surged by 15% in 2021 and 12% in 2022, then by 4% in 2023. With inflation easing, risks of social instability have probably fallen over the past year, but growth looks…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285253
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
Services including healthcare, entertainment and travel flourished while the share of housing in overall consumption fell, reflecting property-market troubles. Markedly lower…
Details
DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285173
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The 6.3% year-on-year growth posted for the second quarter was distorted by COVID-19 lockdowns in Shanghai and other major cities in the same period last year. Accordingly…