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University–industry technology transfer is growing at a rapid rate in China, involving both multinational and domestic companies. This chapter describes unique characteristics of Chinese National Technology Transfer Centers (NTTCs) and examines whether they can function as an effective policy instrument in promoting the commercialization of university research findings. Our qualitative and quantitative study finds that NTTCs are not by themselves an effective policy tool in accelerating the commercialization of university inventions. We found that universities without NTTCs can achieve the same or even greater success than those with NTTCs. We suggest that Chinese universities should mimic the Western approach by providing an attractive reward system and autonomy to technology management programs that stimulate their efforts in marketing patented technology.

Research and development (R&D) is a vital strategy for firms to sustain their competitive locus and profitability in the global marketplace. Therefore, the existing research is engrossed in the correlation between firm performance (FP) and R&D intensity (RDI) meta-analysis. It also examined the ‘Type of Firm’ as a moderator in this relationship.

This study is motivated by its potential to address existing knowledge gaps, guide decision-making, influence policy and contribute to advancing theoretical and practical insights in the domain of business, economics and innovation.

This study is based on the secondary data. The researcher uses ‘Meta- Essentials 1.5’ for meta-analysis covering the studies of developed and emerging economies from 1985 to 2022.

The outcome conveys a small effect of magnitude between RDI and FP. It also indicates the positively significant linkage between them, directing that investing in R&D projects leads to improvement in the performance of companies. It also points out that private firms engaging in R&D activities have a negative while public firms have a positive correlation with their performance.

Understanding this linkage is imperative as it aids managers in making strategic decisions, the government in funding research-related schemes and investors in choosing R&D projects for investment.

A fundamental problem in articulating the societal benefits of technology transfer is the lack of hard empirical evidence on the economic gains associated with this activity. To fill this gap, we apply the framework and methods developed by Griliches and Mansfield et al. to assess the social returns to university-based inventions. This methodology can be used to derive explicit measures of key metrics, such as social rates of return and benefit-to-cost ratios characteristic of specific new technologies. A case study is used to illustrate the application of this method.

Introduction: Healthcare facilities have witnessed deterioration, limited employee engagement, and communication gaps due to a lack of wireless technology. The Internet makes work and life quicker and more intelligent. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a scheme of interconnection equipped with unique identifiers in recent years. Artificial intelligence (AI) and IoT advancement allow employees to develop competent and predictive services and solutions in human resource (HR) practices. This chapter has been formulated to summarise and classify the existing research and better understand the past, present, and future of employee engagement by improving IoT interrelated devices in the healthcare industry.

Purpose: This study aims to categorise and overcome the challenges involved in HR practices. Effectively embracing IoT application-connected devices in the healthcare industry can enhance human resources management’s (HRM) role and measure performance assessment to improve employee engagement and productivity.

Methodology: In this study, the authors develop propositions dependent on a theory-based review. A systematic analysis was applied to minimise the challenges of HRM. The subject-related articles from different journal sources, like Scopus, Emerald, Web of Science, Springer, etc., were analysed based on engagement criteria. It was graphically recorded in a collective and informative way to emphasise the review outcomes. The study has presented the positive impacts of AI and IoT on engagement in health care.

Summary: This chapter accumulated theory-based knowledge about healthcare employee engagement and how IoT-based technology like AI can optimise employees’ engagement effectively. Further, it draws comparative benefits for a workforce to execute performance advancements and create future progressive aspects for healthcare employees.

SESSION I: TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

This paper addresses the topic of knowledge transfer between firms that meet in multiple markets. Theoretical arguments are developed regarding the issues thought to influence the process of knowledge transfer between multimarket firms, in general, and also regarding the emergence and influence of macrocultures on this process. We use a structural equivalence lens to develop this theory, suggesting that multimarket competitors are likely to share macrocultures to the degree that their markets overlap. The structural equivalence of multimarket competitors influences the direction that they are likely to look for knowledge resources.

Licensing from US universities is done within the overall legal framework of the Bayh–Dole Act of 1980 and the employment agreements of universities. This chapter explains common contracts used by universities to license technologies developed by their faculty and students within the context of these laws. In addition to the legal framework, the nature of license agreements is affected by the embryonic nature of most university inventions, which necessitates faculty and student involvement in development, and the entrepreneurial goals of the university. Universities have diverse goals in terms of revenue, licenses executed, inventions commercialized, patents filed, and number of startups formed. The somewhat obvious problem is that the goals of faculty, students, the university, and the licensee may not be aligned. Common contracts used are meant to align these goals. While some contracts include multiple terms such as upfront fees, running royalties, annual payments, and equity, Express Licenses are increasingly being used to accommodate the entrepreneurial environment. This chapter discusses these issues and also the importance of the rights to sublicense inventions.