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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to know the types of mangrove and the status of the conservation of mangrove ecosystems in the area of Krueng Reuleng River, Leupung, Aceh Besar Regency.

Design/Methodology/Approach – Data collection on mangroves was retrieved using a Quadrat Sampling Method, the acquisition of information about the status of conservation of mangrove ecosystems was done using the interview method.

Findings – The results showed that there are four types of mangroves, and mangrove ecosystem conservation efforts have not been made by the people of Leupung. The conclusions of this study are as follows: the types of mangroves found in the area of Krueng Reuleng River are Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba, Acrostichum aureum, and Thespesia populnea. Conservation measures have not been undertaken to preserve the mangrove ecosystem in the area of Krueng Reuleng River.

Research Limitations/Implications – The location can be used as a site of practical research on the type of mangroves in the Krueng Reuleng River area for students studying biology.

Originality/Value – In addition to upgrading the data on the types of mangroves, this paper could be a reference for any relevant field.

This chapter discusses how ‘hidden’ populations of women who use drugs (WWUD) in coastal Kenya became ‘visible’ through accessing health, harm reduction and rights services. This effort was facilitated by the Muslim Education and Welfare Association (MEWA) and their work with community leaders. Mapping undertaken by MEWA outreach workers identified women who use opioids and other substances in isolated drug use settings. MEWA introduced daily meals in identified sites, needle and syringe services and residential rehabilitation services for opioid withdrawal. The introduction of residential adherence services for HIV and tuberculosis and the provision of methadone enabled compliance with the 90-90-90 UN HIV cascade. These services achieved sustained HIV viral load suppression at 83% and a 100% cure rate for tuberculosis among WWUD. In addition, disclosure and partner risk tracing was established in the ‘drug dens’ for women who test positive for STIs. The introduction of women-only hours once per week at the drop-in centre contributed to a better understanding of drug dependency among outreach workers and clinicians. Policies on gender-based violence were also refined, leading to an increase in reported cases. Programmes targeting families were introduced to promote effective communication and improve parenting skills. Access barriers to social security programmes were tackled by a network of paralegal officers in partnership with Kenyan authorities. Finally, entrepreneurship training and mentorship programmes were implemented to build resilience among WWUD.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to examine the diversity of macrozoobenthos as well as its relationship with water quality and substrate in the pond culture area.

Design/Methodology/Approach – The method of sampling area is on five observation stations by purposive sampling. The research was done indirectly (ex situ) for macrozoobenthic identification at the Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences.

Findings – The fairness/uniformity index obtained from the five research stations ranging from 0.483 to 0.923 indicates a high degree of uniformity. This indicates that the macrozoobenthos biological index at the study site can be used as an indicator that water quality is in good condition and has the potential to be developed into an aquaculture area as well as supporting the success of the shrimp farming as one of the sub-systems of the shrimp agribusiness.

Research Limitations/Implications – This research can be a source of information for the management and utilization of environment in the research area, so that shrimp harvest can be optimized in the pond farming area.

Originality/Value – This research has found that macrozoobenthos included 61 species.

Purpose – To predict the existence of the aquifer, search the location, position, thickness, deep and dissemination of subsurface aquifer and predict the environmental condition by conducting the groundwater/aquifer condition.

Design/Methodology/Approach – The way to know the state of groundwater aquifers, one of which is the Geo-electric Method by using the Resistivity Schlumberger Method.

Findings – Pouple activities are not many effects to the groundwater but more time depend on the development, it can many influences to environmental conditions.

Research Limitations/Implications – The analysis is conducted to every point but on this research, it is on mentioned and taken from one sample only, it is HPR.

Practical Implications – In anticipation the effect of the development of the region in general, it is necessary to be able businesses for raw water, irrigation and Industry of the groundwater can be as well as how to control over the distribution and causes of infiltration into the soil.

Originality/Value – That is by measuring the resistivity and mapping dealer spread a layer of groundwater (aquifers) that an overview of the groundwater can be known.

In this chapter, rephrasing Spivak's question into ‘can subaltern children speak?’, I reorient the research on China's gigantic population of children and youths in rural migrant families towards a critical interpretative approach. Based on life history and longitudinal ethnographic interview gathered with three cases, I unpack the multiple meanings migrants' children attach to mobility in their childhood experiences. First, despite emotional difficulties, children see their parents' out-migration more as a ‘mobility imperative’ than their abandonment of parental responsibilities, which should be contextualized in China's long-term urban-biased social policies and the resultant development gaps in rural and urban societies. Second, the seemingly ‘unstable’ and ‘flexible’ mobility patterns observed in migrant families should be understood in relation to a long-term family social mobility strategy to promote children's educational achievement and future attainment. The combination of absent class politics in an illiberal society with an enduring ideology of education-based meritocracy in Confucianism makes this strategy a culturally legitimate channel of social struggle for recognition and respect for the subaltern. Last, children in migrant families are active contributors to their families' everyday organization amidst mobilities through sharing care and household responsibilities, and developing temporal and mobility strategies to keep alive intergenerational exchanges and family togetherness. The study uncovers coexisting resilience and vulnerabilities of migrants' children in their ‘doing class’ in contemporary China. It also contributes insights into our understanding of the diversity of childhoods in Asian societies at the intersection of familyhood, class dynamics and cultural politics.

Although management scholars have embraced grand challenges research, in many cases, grand challenges have been treated as merely a context for exploring extant theoretical perspectives. By comparison, our approach – robust action – provides a novel theoretical framework for tackling grand challenges. In this invited article, we revisit our 2015 model, clarifying and elaborating its key elements and taking stock of subsequent developments. We then identify three promising directions for future research: scaffolding, future imaginaries, and distributed actorhood. Ultimately, our core message is remarkably simple: robust action strategies – participatory architecture, multivocal inscription and distributed experimentation – jointly provide a means for tackling grand challenges that is well matched to their complexities, uncertainties, and evaluativities.