Accessibility of support
, 214–215
Access to care effects of insurance transitions
, 63, 72, 80
Activities of daily living (ADL)
, 216, 217, 222, 229
Advocates’ relationship between empowerment and involvement
, 46–48
Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA)
, 5–6, 9, 60, 80, 81
shared decision making
, 134, 135, 140, 146
Africa
survivors of war
, 235–256
Age at conception
, 114, 122, 125
American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG)
, 88–89
Andersen’s behavioral model of health care utilization
, 213–215
Antecedents of patient trust
, 155–157
Appreciation of cancer survivor’s life
, 27–28
Arizona State University (ASU)
Internal Review Board
, 242
Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center (SIRC)
, 241, 256
Autonomy
defined
, 89, 91
US women’s perceptions of, in hospital births
, 9, 87–104
Barbados
health care utilization among older adults, gender differences in
, 210–230
Barbados National Registry for Chronic Non-communicable Disease
, 227
Barbados National Strategic Plan for Chronic Non-communicable Diseases for 2009–2012
, 227
Bariatric surgery
, 179, 186
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
, 6
Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI)
, 11, 12, 263–265, 267–272
Body mass index (BMI)
, 176, 179
Breast cancer diagnosis
, 37–57
active involvement
, 56–57
advocates’ relationship between empowerment and involvement
, 46–48
Bystanders, role of
, 48–50
Co-Pilots, role of
, 50–52
decision-making
, 39–42, 43–46
Downplayers, role of
, 52–53
patient empowerment
, 39–42, 55–56
Burundi
history and conflict
, 237–238
Ministry of Interior
, 241
Ministry of Solidarity
, 241
rural and urban communities
, 242–243
survivors of war
, 235–256
war history
, 238
Bystanders, role in breast cancer diagnosis
, 48–50
Cancer care, gender influences and experience of
, 17–34
appreciation of life
, 27–28
cultural expectations about cancer
, 19
gendered expectations and illness
, 20–21
gendered expectations for positive growth
, 30–32
patient role, incompatibility of
, 28–29
positive changes in cancer survivors
, 19–20, 24–26
positive reframing and emotion work
, 29–30, 33
posttraumatic growth
, 19–20, 21, 23–26, 33
transformative experience of cancer
, 26–27
Cancer history and health insurance transitions, gender association between
, 59–82
access to care
, 63, 72, 74, 76–78
baseline characteristics
, 64–71
frequency
, 71
gain or loss
, 72, 73–76
insurance status
, 63
status duration in months
, 72
Capability approach
, 194–195
Capability to use facilities of health care
, 192–199, 202–205
Caring for children, war and
, 251
Cataract surgery
, 136–137
Center for Education, Development and Assistance for Ex-combatants (CEDAC)
, 240–243, 256
Certain versus uncertain surgeries, impact of gender in decision-making process to
, 133–147
cataract surgery
, 136–137
coronary artery disease, surgery for
, 137
hip and knee surgeries
, 137–138
lower back pain, surgery for
, 138–139
shared decision making
, 134–135, 139, 140, 146, 147
Certified-nurse midwives (CNM)
, 93
Cesarean
, 88, 92, 96, 97, 99, 101, 103
Childbirth
dignity in
, 9, 87–104
knowledge
, 94, 96–97, 101
significance of
, 90
social conditions of
, 90
Chronic conditions
, 215, 217, 218, 222, 227, 228, 230
Collective-orientation
, 154
Communication style
, 5, 154
Community-based participatory research (CBPR)
, 240–242
Constrained choice model
, 4
Contraceptive responsibility
, 111
Co-Pilots, role in breast cancer diagnosis
, 50–52
Coronary artery disease, surgery for
, 137
Correctional healthcare
, 288, 294
Cost–benefit analysis
, 110, 111
Cultural expectations, about cancer
, 19
Educational attainment
, 214
Educational deprivation
, 192
Educational disparities, in unintended pregnancy
, 109–126
age at conception
, 114
bivariate statistics
, 117–119
implications for future research
, 124–125
marital status
, 114
partner specificity
, 112–117, 119–120, 125
policy implications
, 125
predicted probabilities
, 122–124
pregnancy intendedness
, 111–117, 120, 121, 123–126
rational-choice assumptions
, 110–111
relational stability
, 112, 115–117, 119–120, 125
structural equation models
, 119–122
Educational skills
, 194–197
Emotional health issues, during war
, 248
Emotional vulnerability
, 89
Employment
, 253
status
, 6
Empowerment
, 252–253, 254
defined
, 41
patient
, 39–42, 55–56
Epidural pain management
, 92, 96, 98, 99, 101–103
European Social Survey
, 195
Healthcare challenges, war and
, 250
Health care utilization among older adults, gender differences in
, 210–230
Health disparate outcomes
, 255
Health effects during war
anxiety/PTSD
, 249
depression
, 249
disease
, 246
food deprivation
, 247
lack of health services
, 247
lack of shelter and resources
, 248
loss of loved ones
, 247
mental and emotional health issues
, 248
nightmares
, 249
physical disability
, 247
physical health-related effects
, 245–246
rape
, 246
relationship problems
, 248
sleep deprivation
, 249
unwanted children
, 248
Health inequalities. See Health disparities
Health inequities. See Health disparities
Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)
, 141
Health insurance transitions and cancer history, gender association between
, 59–82
access to care
, 63, 72, 74, 76–78
baseline characteristics
, 64–71
frequency
, 71
gain or loss
, 72, 73–76
insurance status
, 63
status duration in months
, 72
Health status before war
, 244
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCT)
, 18, 21, 32
HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study (HCSUS)
, 158–160, 169
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
, 18, 21, 24, 25
Hospital births, US women’s perceptions of respect and autonomy in
, 87–104
Lack of education, war and
, 251
Lack of health services, during war
, 247
Lack of knowledge, war and
, 251
Lack of shelter and resources, during war
, 248
Lifestyle risk factors
, 214
Listening-to-Mothers I (LTM I) survey
, 95
Longitudinal nationally representative study
, 59–81
Loss of loved ones, during war
, 247
Loss of partner in conflict
, 236
Lower back pain, surgery for
, 138–139
Lymphoma
Hodgkin
, 18, 21, 23
non-Hodgkin
, 18, 21, 23, 23
Marital status
, 111, 112, 114–125, 213–214
Marriage market conditions
, 112
Maternal health care crisis
, 88, 102
Maternal–infant bonding
, 90
Maternal physical health outcomes
, 88
Maternal psychological health outcomes
, 89
Mediation
multiple
, 112–117, 119–120, 125
simple
, 112, 115–117, 119–120, 125
Medical care
, 216–221, 222–230
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2008–2013
, 62–63, 64, 81
Medical interventions into childbirth
, 92, 96, 97, 99
Mental health issues, during war
, 248
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
, 290
Millennium Development Goals
, 88
Mode of delivery
, 92, 96, 99
Mortality
, 4
infant
, 6
maternal
, 88
Mothering, privatized
, 90
Multilevel analysis
, 191–205
Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
, 212
Parent–child relationship
, 230
Partner specificity
, 9, 112–117, 119–120, 125
Paternalistic relationships
, 93
Patient empowerment
, 39–42
Patient–physician relationship
, 41
Patient–provider interaction
, 151–170
antecedents of patient trust
, 155–157
dyadic configurations
, 161–162
global rating of care
, 160
resiliency
, 157–158
social identity theory
, 153, 154, 156–159, 161, 163–165, 168, 170
status characteristics theory
, 153, 154–155, 157–159, 161, 165–170
trust in health care
, 160
Patient role, incompatibility of
, 28–29
Patient trust
, 152, 157, 160, 162, 163, 167, 169, 170
antecedents of
, 155–157
Perceived health needs, of survivors of war
, 252–253
doctors and hospitals
, 252
employment
, 253
empowerment
, 252–253
social support and group associations
, 252
Physical disability, during war
, 247
Physical health-related effects, during war
, 245–246
Physical vulnerability
, 89
Physician–patient relationships
, 93
Policy implications
dignity in childbirth
, 103–104
educational and racial disparities in unintended pregnancy
, 125
Population aging
, 212, 227
Positive changes, in cancer survivors
, 19–20, 24–26
Positive growth, gendered expectations for
, 30–32
Positive reframing
, 29–30, 33
Posttraumatic growth (PTG)
, 19–20, 21, 23–26, 33
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
, 249, 253
Post war health-related issues, in survivors of war
caring for children
, 251
domestic violence and spousal issues
, 250
health issues
, 249–250
healthcare challenges
, 250
hunger
, 251
lack of education and knowledge
, 251
poverty
, 250
unemployment
, 251
Poverty
, 192, 197
war and
, 250
Pregnancy
, 89–91, 94, 96, 101
intendedness
, 111–117, 120, 121, 123–126
unintended pregnancy, educational and racial disparities in
, 109–126
Prisoner health
, 279–293
damaged health
, 289–293
denied medical agency
, 284–286
denied medication and treatment
, 281–282
denied reproductive and prenatal care
, 286–289
medical neglect and inadequate healthcare
, 282–284
Prisoner narratives
, 279–293
Provider care
, 93–94, 96, 99
Provider–patient interactions
, 91–92, 94
Psycho-social outcomes
, 89
Psycho-social well-being
, 90
Racial disparities, in unintended pregnancy
, 109–126
age at conception
, 114, 122, 125
bivariate statistics
, 117–119
implications for future research
, 124–125
marital status
, 111, 112, 114–125
partner specificity
, 112–117, 119–120, 125
policy implications
, 125
predicted probabilities
, 122–124
pregnancy intendedness
, 111–117, 120, 121, 123–126
rational-choice assumptions
, 110–111
relational stability
, 112, 115–117, 119–120, 125
structural equation models
, 119–122
Redistribution of care tasks
, 194
Relational stability
, 9, 112, 115–117, 119–120, 125
Relationship
, 109–126
problems, during war
, 248
Reproductive decisions
, 111
Respect
defined
, 89, 91
US women’s perceptions of, in hospital births
, 9, 87–104
Santa Barbara’s Human Subjects Research and Review Committee
, 180
Self-assessed health
, 101
Shared decision making (SDM) model of patient treatment
, 9, 39–41, 56, 134–136, 139, 140, 146, 147
Significant other support, in childbirth
, 92–93, 96, 98–99, 99–100
Single item measure
, 263, 264, 266
Sleep deprivation, during war
, 249
Social identity theory (SIT)
, 10, 153, 154, 156–159, 161, 163–165, 168, 170
Social location, and women’s health
, 91–92, 96, 99
Social security policies
, 194, 196, 202
Social stratification
, 192
Socioeconomic status (SES)
, 4, 6
Spousal issues, war and
, 250
SR-Gender (Self-Report Gender measure)
, 263–272
Status characteristics theory (SCT)
, 10, 153, 154–155, 157–159, 161, 165–170
Structural equation models
, 119–122
Surgeries
certain versus uncertain, impact gender in decision-making process in
, 133–147
Survey of Health, Well-Being and Aging of Older Adults in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE) 2000
, 11, 215–216, 227
Survivorship, cancer
, 17–34
Survivors of war (SOW)
, 235–256
classification of
, 237
future directions of
, 255–256
health disparate outcomes
, 255
health disparities, existence of
, 255
health effects, during war
, 244–249
health status before war
, 244
health-related issues post war
, 249–251
perceived health needs
, 252–253
urban versus rural views on health and health needs
, 253–254
women’s empowerment
, 254
Unemployment
, 197
war and
, 251
Unintended pregnancy, educational and racial disparities in
, 109–126
age at conception
, 114
bivariate statistics
, 117–119
implications for future research
, 124–125
marital status
, 114
partner specificity
, 112–117, 119–120, 125
policy implications
, 125
predicted probabilities
, 122–124
pregnancy intendedness
, 111–117, 120, 121, 123–126
rational-choice assumptions
, 110–111
relational stability
, 112, 115–117, 119–120, 125
structural equation models
, 119–122
University of California
, 180
US Department of Health and Human Services
Girl Power!
, 177