Index

Citation

(2023), "Index", Maja, B. and Ngcaweni, B. (Ed.) Youth Development in South Africa: Harnessing the Demographic Dividend (Diverse Perspectives on Creating a Fairer Society), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 215-221. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-408-120231012

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2023 Botshabelo Maja and Busani Ngcaweni

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INDEX

A2Pay programme

, 167

Abortion

, 30

Access to family planning services

, 12

Access to health care

, 12

Access to relevant social services

, 12

Accountability, determining targets and ensuring

, 179–180

Activists

, 46

African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR)

, 118, 124

African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (ACRWC)

, 118

African continent

, 1–2

African Human Rights System

, 120

African Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa

, 118

African Union

, 126

Age structure of South Africa population

, 15–16, 24

Agency

, 64

Agentic capabilities

, 79

Agentic transactions

, 79

AIDS

epidemic

, 42

pandemic

, 3, 21, 23–24

Alcohol abuse

, 34

Alvern Cables

, 169

Anal sex

, 32

Anandamaya kosha (bliss body)

, 135

Andragogy

, 138

Annamaya kosha (physical body or food body)

, 135

Antiretroviral therapy (ART)

, 3, 30, 37

Apprenticeships

, 169

Art

, 68

Artificial intelligence

, 1

Aspiration

, 67, 85

physical artefacts and narratives of

, 73–78

virtual artefacts and narratives of

, 64–73

Availability

, 121

Awethu Project

, 167

Bacterial vaginosis

, 32

Badoo

, 47

Bantu Education law

, 122

Barriers to access

, 100

Beneficiaries

, 52

Biological and physiological susceptibility to HIV

, 32–33

Black youth

, 133

Blesser Finder blog

, 52

Blessers

, 51–52

Capital

, 84

Careership theory

, 84

Cervical cancer (CaCx)

, 32

‘Challenge fund’ methodology

, 166

Choice

, 121

Chrysalis Academy (CA)

, 6, 130, 132

challenges

, 142

criteria for admission to

, 135–136

family reintegration

, 141

history

, 135

holistic approach

, 135–142

phases and envisaged outcomes of three-month programme

, 136–137

philosophical underpinnings of programme

, 138–140

reasons

, 136

review, reflection and programme refinements

, 140–141

training of youth instructors

, 141–142

Circumcision

, 32

City Year

, 179

Class

, 68–73

Clubs

, 141

Cohort growth rate

, 14

Collective agreements

, 139

Community

, 71

Community Survey

, 13–14

Community Work Programme (CWP)

, 152, 165, 171–173, 182

Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP)

, 166

Computers

, 42

Condom distribution

, 42

Condom use

, 39

Convention on the Rights of a Child (CRC)

, 118

Cooperatives

, 176

COVID-19

, 1, 21

pandemic

, 3–4

Cultivating common citizenship

, 139

Cultural background

, 85

Culture

, 5

Data generation

, 87

Demand activation

, 101

Demand side ‘failures’

, 98–99

Demographers

, 19

Demographic dividend

, 2, 12, 132

benefits

, 12

data and methods

, 13–14

implications of demographic events on

, 24–26

youth contribution to South Africa population

, 14–18

youth demographic events

, 18–24

Demographic literature

, 12

Department of Labour

, 168

Department of Planning, Monitoring and Evaluation (DPME)

, 148–149

Department of Social Development (DSD)

, 148

Deprivation

, 3, 42

Determinism

, 91–94

Deterministic models

, 39

Digital ethnography

, 42

Disasters

, 38

Early sexual debut

, 33

Ecological approaches

, 38

Education

, 5

(see also Quality education)

model and harnessing capabilities

, 122–124

as right in Africa

, 119–122

for sustainable development in Africa

, 124–127

Education Amendment Act (2020)

, 124

Educational attainment

, 12

Electoral processes

, 132

Electronic media

, 55

Employment Tax Incentive (ETI)

, 168

Enhanced therapeutic care programme

, 140

Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG)

, 157

Equity

, 121

Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP)

, 151–153, 164

Facebook

, 42, 46–47

Family/families

, 92

background

, 85

planning

, 30

reintegration

, 141

Faust

, 45

Faustian bargain

, 45

Fertility

, 13, 18

indicators

, 19

Field

, 84

Fish in the water

, 85

Fish-out-of-water

, 85

Formal education

, 141

Four-week skills phase

, 137

Fourth industrial revolution

, 1

Future-oriented cultural capacity

, 78

Gender disparities in HIV infection

, 30

Gender dynamics

, 68–73

Gender norms

, 44

Gender-based violence

, 3, 30, 36, 42

Gifting

, 43

Global warming, effects of

, 1

Go-for Gold

, 174

Government spend on youth programming

, 155–157

Groupies

, 49–50

Habitus

, 84–85, 92

Harambee Youth Employment Accelerator

, 5, 98, 167

achieving scale

, 111–112

comparison of ease of finding first and second job

, 105

employment progression from first to second job by sector

, 106

employment progression from less complex to more complex jobs

, 106

gender profile of Harambee youth

, 104

growing pathways through partnership

, 112–113

income status of Harambee Female Youth

, 105

labour market transitions

, 107

large food processing corporation

, 110–111

measuring impact

, 102–107

model

, 100–102

removing barriers to entry

, 107–110

reported barriers to seeking employment

, 108

youth transitions in South Africa

, 98–100

Health communication programmes (HCPs)

, 37–38

Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)

, 32

HIV

, 23–24, 30

correlates

, 42

incidence

, 31

pandemic

, 3

prevention

, 32

in South Africa

, 31–36

testing

, 30

‘Horizon for action’

, 86, 88, 92

Hospitality

, 105

House rules

, 139

Human capabilities approach

, 123

Human capital

, 12

Human Development Index of the United Nations

, 119

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

, 32

vaccination

, 39

Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)

, 13

Immediate aspirational objects

, 79

Imposed spaces

, 79

Inclusivity

, 7

Independent Pan African Youth Parliament (IPAYP)

, 5–6, 125

Inequality

, 133

Inflexible labour legislation

, 101

Inheritors

, 85

Initial coding

, 87

Instagram

, 46–47

Intended spaces

, 79

Inter-generational coupling

, 49

Intercensal growth rate

, 14, 16

Intergenerational sex

, 44

Intermediate aspirational objects

, 79

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)

, 118

International Finance Corporation (IFC)

, 119

International Labour Organisation (ILO)

, 148

Internet

, 42, 45, 52

Internships

, 102

Interpretivist epistemology

, 5

Jobs Fund

, 167–168

Karah case

, 76–77

Kardashians

, 53

Key and vulnerable populations

, 35

Labour market interventions

, 5, 98

Labour Market Transitions

, 6

for African Youth

, 99

Laptops

, 42

Large food processing corporation

, 110–111

Learnerships

, 102

Lifesaving HIV treatment

, 30

Lowered fertility

, 13

Lurking

, 43

Male circumcision

, 37

Manomaya kosha (mental body)

, 135

Manual coding process

, 87

Maps

, 62

data

, 62–63

findings

, 64–78

literature

, 63–64

tools and processes

, 78–79

Mapungubwe Institute for Strategic Reflection (MISTRA)

, 149

Materialism

, 44

Mathematics

, 122

Mavuso

, 49

Mavuso stokvels

, 54–55

Media personalities

, 46

Men who have sex with men (MSM)

, 35

Mephistopheles

, 45

Methamphetamine

, 36

Microsoft Student to Business Programme

, 167

Migrancy

, 3, 42

Migration

, 18

Misalignment ‘failures’

, 98–99

Monyetla Work Readiness Programme

, 167

Mortality

, 18

Mr Price Red Cap Foundation

, 170

MRP Foundation JumpStart programme

, 167

Multiple concurrent partners

, 48

Multiple sexual partnerships

, 35

Multisectoral HIV prevention activities

, 3, 30

National Growth Path (NGP)

, 175

National Rural Youth Service Corps (Narysec)

, 166

National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS)

, 86

National Treasury

, 168

National Youth Development Agency (NYDA)

, 130

National Youth Development Strategy (NYDS)

, 148

National Youth Policy

, 130

National Youth Service (NYS)

, 165–166

Navigational capacity

, 83, 86, 88

Navigational metaphor

, 64

Navigational tools

, 62

Negative-sum game model

, 45

Neo-liberal economic policies

, 3, 30

Neonatal circumcision

, 39

New Crossroads township

, 83

New entrants

, 85

Newcomers

, 85

NGO sphere

, 160–163

Non-formal education

, 141

Non-marital childbearing

, 20

Non-profit organizations

, 176

Not in Education, Employment and Training (NEET)

, 6, 13, 130

Objects, Agencies, Tools, and Spaces (OATS)

, 4, 79

One-week exit phase

, 137

Organisation of African Unity (OAU)

, 124

Orgies

, 49–50

Pandemics

, 38

Patriarchy

, 3, 44

Personal mastery and mindfulness practices

, 140

Physical artefacts and narratives of aspirations

, 73–78

Placement

, 102

Politicians

, 46

Pop culture

, 44

Pornography, reducing barriers to sharing of

, 48–49

Poverty

, 3, 42

Power disparities

, 38

Power dynamics

, 44

Power-marginalised spaces

, 92

Practicability

, 121

Pranayama kosha (energetic body or vital force)

, 135

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)

, 30, 33, 37

Premarital fertility

, 20

Presidential Youth Employment Intervention

, 148

Prevention of mother to child HIV transmission (PMTCT)

, 30

Private education

, 5

Private sector

, 157–160

entry-level placements through attrition and growth

, 101

Protected sex

, 37

Public health system

, 39

Public Investment Corporation (PIC)

, 156–157

Public schools

, 93–94

Public sector

, 151–157

Qualitative research designs

, 86

Quality education

, 119

education as right in Africa

, 119–122

education for sustainable development in Africa

, 124–127

education model and harnessing capabilities

, 122–124

Quantitative research designs

, 86

Rape

, 34

Readiness barriers

, 101

Reality television

, 42

Reality TV

, 46

Retail

, 105, 171

Retention

, 102

Right to Development (RTD)

, 6, 124–125

Rigorous assessment

, 102

Rituals

, 140–141

Routines

, 85

Sampling

, 86–87

Science

, 122

SDG 4

, 119

SDGs

, 119

Self-formation

, 64

Semi-ethnographic experiment

Faustian bargain

, 45

methodology

, 42–43

sexual networking

, 50–56

social cloud

, 45–50

transactional sex

, 43–44

SETA

, 169–170

Sex ratios

, 18

of South Africa youth

, 19

Sex with older partners

, 34–35

Sex workers (SW)

, 35, 44

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH)

, 30

Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR)

, 25

Sexual coercion

, 34

Sexual intercourse in early teens

, 33

Sexual networking

, 50

blessers

, 51–52

Mavuso stokvels

, 54–55

slay queens

, 53–54

sugar daddies

, 50–51

Sexual Offences Act

, 33

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

, 30

Shanduka Black Umbrella incubator model

, 167

Signal

, 47

Skills barriers

, 101

Skills Levy Grant

, 169

Slay queens

, 53–54

Slaying

, 53

Small business development

, 180–181

Smart-phones

, 42

Smartphones

, 46

Social agents

, 85–86, 92

Social cloud

, 45

increasing casualisation of sex and speed dating

, 48

lowering costs of dating

, 47

multiple concurrent partners

, 48

reducing barriers to sharing of pornography

, 48–49

social media facilitates inter-generational coupling

, 49

social media used to promote trends

, 49–50

Social economy

, 160–163, 175–176

Social enterprises and charities

, 176

Social inequalities

, 84

Social media

, 42, 46

facilitates inter-generational coupling

, 49

used to promote trends

, 49–50

Social safety nets

, 64

Social users

, 46

Societies

, 141

Socio-economic inequalities

, 44

Sourcing

, 102

South Africa

based studies

, 13

HIV and youth in

, 31–36

youth contribution to South Africa population

, 14–18

youth transitions in

, 98–100

South African Higher Education Institutions

, 7

South African Youth Council (SAYC)

, 130

Space

, 64

State Owned Enterprises (SOEs)

, 169

Statistics South Africa (StatsSA)

, 46

Statistics South Africa

, 14, 17

Student Movements

, 7

Subjectivist ontology

, 5

Substance use and abuse

, 36

Sugar daddies

, 50–51

Supply side ‘failures’

, 98–99

Support groups

, 141

Survival strategies

, 44

Tablets

, 42

Technical and vocational education and training (TVET)

, 4–5, 141, 169

Teenage pregnancy

, 33–34

Telegram

, 47

Television

, 42

Thabo case

, 77–78

Therapeutic care

, 140

Threads

, 64–67

Three-month programme, phases and envisaged outcomes of

, 136–137

Three-week orientation phase

, 137

TikTok

, 46

Timing of childbearing

, 12

Tinder

, 47

Transactional sex

, 42–44

Transgender persons

, 35

Transitions

, 4, 61–62

Trauma Release Exercise (TRE)

, 140

Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS)

, 123

Turning points

, 85

Twitter

, 42, 46–47

Two-week community phase

, 137

Two-week outdoor phase

, 137

Unemployment

, 6

UNESCO Centre for Global Education (UNESCOCFORGE)

, 5–6

United Nations (UN)

, 12

United Nations Declaration on the Right to Development (UNDRD)

, 124–125

United Nations Joint Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS)

, 35

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

, 118

Usual Suspects

, 69

Value chains

, 180–181

Viber

, 47

Vijnanamaya kosha (wisdom or intuitive body or intellect)

, 135

Virtual artefacts and narratives of aspirations

, 64–73

Virtual world research

, 42–43

Vulnerability to HIV among youth

, 36–37

Wandi case

, 73–76

WeChat

, 47

WhatsApp

, 46–47

Windows

, 64

and social safety nets

, 79

Work placement after graduation

, 141

Work readiness

, 102

Working class jobs

, 63

Workplace experience

, 183

Yellowwoods Venture Investments

, 149

You-Tube

, 46

Young people

, 1

to access employment

, 183–184

appreciation of talent

, 69

multiple identities

, 68

online pressure

, 72

online reflections

, 73

real identities

, 70

in South Africa

, 2

Young people and peer pressure

, 71

Youth

, 2, 131

bulge

, 3, 15

contribution to South Africa population

, 14–18

demographic characteristics

, 3, 12

demographic events

, 18–24

female fertility indicators

, 20

formations

, 181–183

health and mortality

, 21–24

HIV prevalence and incidence in South Africa

, 31–32

interventions in South Africa

, 100

new paradigm for youth labour market transitions

, 103

population

, 18

preparedness

, 2

skills

, 13

socioeconomic and psychosocial realities

, 131–133

in South Africa

, 31–36

training of youth instructors

, 141–142

transitions in South Africa

, 98–100

youth-focused programmes

, 38

Youth career decision-making

, 82

determinism

, 91–94

findings

, 87–91

methodological approach

, 86–87

review of literature

, 82–83

theoretical framing

, 84–86

Youth development

, 133–134

holistic approach to

, 134–135

programmes

, 130

Youth employment

, 148

areas

, 174–179

comprehensive review of initiatives

, 149–163

conceptual framework

, 149–151

learning from programmes and identification of key gaps

, 171–174

methodology

, 148–149

NGO sphere

, 160–163

potential priorities

, 179–184

private sector

, 157–160

programmes

, 163–171

public sector

, 151–157

Youth Employment Scheme (YES)

, 183

Youth fertility

, 19–21

indicators by province

, 22