Anti-vaccination activists and groups

, 66–67

AstraZeneca

, 47, 49–50, 62

At-risk manufacturing

, 46–50

Autumn and Winter Plan

, 26–27

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

, 46–47

BMJ

, 29–30, 90–91

Cabinet Office Briefing Rooms (COBRA)

, 14–15

Care home managers

, 69–70

Conditional marketing authorisation (CMA)

, 52

Containment

, 14–15

Coronavirus Act 2020

, 9–10, 26–27

Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme

, 16–17, 21, 27

Countervailing powers theory

, 5

COVID-19

alert system

, 18

challenges and demands

, 14

in England

, 1

freedom day and individual responsibility

, 23–27

non-pharmaceutical interventions

, 82–84

non-pharmaceutical policy response to

, 13–14

pandemic

, 2, 10

responding to first wave

, 14–18

response to second wave

, 18–23

shape of and influences on non-pharmaceutical policy response

, 27–38

situating and tracing origins and onset of

, 2–4

social inequalities in vaccine take-up

, 82, 85, 88

sociological analysis

, 1–2

vaccines

, 43–45, 48, 66

COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX)

, 59–61

Delay

, 14–15

Delta variant

, 23–24

Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC)

, 13–14

Distributive justice

, 54–55

‘Eat Out to Help Out’ scheme

, 21

Emergency legal powers

, 16–17

European Medicines Agency (EMA)

, 51–52

European Union (EU)

, 76–77

Excess mortality

, 74–75

Exercise Cygnus (2016)

, 13–14

Framing

, 7–8

Freedom Day

, 23, 27, 57

Government’s policy approach, characterising

, 27–29

‘Grab a jab’ campaign

, 63–64

Health and Social Care Act (2012)

, 32–33

Healthcare sphere

, 4–5

Hepatitis B vaccine

, 69

Herd immunity

, 15–16, 28–29

Hospital Accident and Emergency services (A&E services)

, 14

Hospital hubs

, 63–64

Individual responsibility

, 23–27

Infectious diseases

, 1

Influenza

, 2

Infodemic

, 7–8

International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities

, 53

International provision

, 59–63

Investment

, 45–46

Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI)

, 42–43, 55, 91

evidence consulted by

, 56–57

recommendations

, 56

Lab leak theory

, 3

Lancet, The

, 3, 24, 29–30, 90–91

Long COVID

, 78

Mandatory vaccination

, 67–70

Marginalisation of public health

, 32–33

Marketing Authorisation

, 51–52

Media, role and influence of

, 34–36

Medical profession

, 29–32

Medical scientific expertise

, 29–32

Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA)

, 43, 51–52, 57–58, 92–93

Mental health

, 79

Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

, 2

Mitigation

, 14–15

Moderna vaccine

, 51–52

National Booking Service

, 63–64

National Institute for Health Protection

, 20

News media journalists

, 94

NHS

, 6, 14–16

COVID Pass

, 67

COVID-19 app

, 25–26

leaders

, 21–22

patients

, 17

providers

, 17–18

Test and Trace system

, 19–20, 26–27, 63–64

Non-pharmaceutical interventions

, 82–84

Non-pharmaceutical policy response, shape of and influences on

, 27–38

Office for National Statistics (ONS)

, 21–22

Oxford-AstraZenca vaccine

, 43–46, 48–52

Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine

, 85–86

Parallel epidemic

, 81–82

Patient trust

, 8

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

, 13–14, 18, 79–80

Pfizer/BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine

, 44–45, 51–52

Pharmacovigilance

, 43

Phase I trials

, 50–51

Phase II trials

, 50–51

Phase III trials

, 50–51

Pingdemic

, 25–26

Plague

, 2

Policies assessment

, 73

agenda for research

, 96–98

COVID-19 and social inequalities

, 82–88

impact on public health

, 73–82

power, policy and COVID-19 pandemic

, 88–95

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

, 33–34

Post-COVID-19 syndrome. See Long COVID

Prioritisation

, 54–63

Private sector

, 33–34

Public and trust

, 36–38

Public health

impact on

, 73–82

marginalisation

, 32–33

services

, 6

Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

, 3–4

Public Health England (PHE)

, 20

Public trust

, 8, 94–95

Publicly funded research

, 46–50

Randomised controlled trials (RCTs)

, 50–51

RNA vaccines

, 43, 46

Rule of six

, 22

Safe and effective vaccines

, 50–54

SARS-CoV-2

, 2–3

Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE)

, 14–15, 90–91

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)

, 2

Smallpox

, 2

Social care

, 79–81

Social Care Working group of SAGE

, 69–70

Social distancing rule

, 19

Social inequalities in vaccine take-up

, 82, 85, 88

Social media

, 7–8, 66–67

Suppression policy

, 15–16

Systematic testing

, 17

Tier system

, 22

Traditional media

, 7–8, 93–94

Transparency

, 54, 96–97

Trust

, 8

UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA)

, 32–33

Universal Credit

, 16–17

Vaccination programme

, 41–42

designing and delivering

, 42–43

places, staff and public

, 63–70

prioritisation

, 54–63

supply, manufacturing and regulation

, 44–54

Vaccine Taskforce (VTF)

, 42, 44–45

Vaccines

, 7

coverage

, 8–9, 64, 67

hesitancy and rejection

, 8–9

nationalism

, 59–63

passports

, 67–70

prioritisation strategy

, 77

war

, 62

Vaccines Minister

, 42–43

Viral vector vaccines

, 43

Viruses

, 46

Wellcome Trust

, 60–61

West African Ebola outbreak

, 2

Working Tax Credit

, 16–17

World Health Organisation (WHO)

, 2–4, 18, 60–61

Ad Hoc Expert Group on Next Steps for COVID-19 Vaccine Evaluation

, 53

Yellow fever

, 2