Index

Citation

Rugg, J. and Parsons, B. (2018), "Index", Funerary Practices in England and Wales (Funerary International), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-223-720181013

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2018 Julie Rugg and Brian Parsons

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INDEX

Alkaline hydrolysis

, 34, 163–165

All-Party Parliamentary Group on Funerals and Bereavement

, 26

All Saints’ Day

, 75

All Souls’ Day

, 75

Anatomy Act, 1832

, 10

Apostolic Nuncio

, 70

Archbishop of Canterbury

, 42

Ashes. See Cremated remains

Association for Significant Cemeteries in Europe

, 184

Association of Natural Burial Grounds

, 146–148 passim

Average national wage

, 111

Baptists

, 3, 70

number of

, 71

Bermuda

, 1

Bible

, 70

Bier

, 161

Birmingham

, 8

Births, Deaths and Registration Act 1926

, 29

Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953

, 27

Board of Deputies

, 89

Body, donations for anatomical study

, 67

Body parts

, 67

Book of Common Prayer

, 7

Book of Remembrance

, 169, 170, 171

British Institute of Embalmers

, 16, 63

British Medical Association

, 158

British Register of Accredited Memorial Masons

, 168

British Undertakers’ Association

, 16–17

Buddhists

, 41

Burial

, 127–148

Burial, common law right to

, 43

Burial, pressure on space

, 7

Burial, refusal of

, 6–7

Burial Act 1852

, 11

Burial Act 1853

, 11, 144

Burial Act 1857

, 140–141

Burial Act 1900

, 131

Burial Acts

, 11–12, 46, 134

abolition of

, 49

Burial at sea

, 33

Burial authorities

, 47–48

Burial fees

, 115ff

Burial grounds

, 127–129

Burial insurance

, 18–19

Burial law

, 33

Burial Laws Amendment Act 1880

, 46

Burial register

, 137, 139

Burial rights, legalities of

, 137–139

transfer

, 138

Burial sites at risk

, 180–182

definition

, 127

numbers of

, 129–131

types

, 127–128

Burial space, disused

, 142–145

Cadw

, 182

Cardiff

, 2, 8

Caring for God’s Acre

, 184

Carlisle

, 146, 147

Catafalque

, 101, 104, 159–160

Catholic Church

, 69–70

and consecration

, 73

and cremation

, 20, 73–75 passim

in England and Wales

, 70

members of

, 71

Catholic funerary practice

, 69–75

Catholicism

, 3

Catholics

, 46

Cayman Islands

, 1

‘Celebration of death’

, 9

Cemeteries

, 127–148 passim

buildings

, 12, 134

burial legalities

, 137–140

chapels

, 12, 13, 134

children and babies sections within

, 134

gates

, 12

governance

, 49–52

joint-stock

, 7, 9, 11

landscaping

, 134

lawn

, 15

layout

, 133–135

management

, 51ff

ownership

, 49–52

provision, statutory requirement

, 35

sections for faith groups

, 134

typical size of

, 133–134

Cemetery, Abney Park (London)

, 184

Arnos Vale (Bristol)

, 184

Brookwood (Woking)

, 172–173

Carlisle

, 147

City of London

, 142, 171

General (Sheffield)

, 184

General (York)

, 184

Great Northern (London)

, 150

Harlow Hill (Harrogate)

, 39

Highgate (London)

, 184

Saffron Hill (Leicestser)

, 78

Thornton-le-Dale (Ryedale)

, 54

Welford Road (Leicester)

, 42

Willesden New (London)

, 13

Certificate of Coroner (Cremation 6)

, 27

Certificate of Registration of Death

, 28

Chadwick, Edwin

, 11

Channel Islands

, 1, 24, 30

Chapel of rest

, 61, 65

Chapels of ease

, 43

Charging the cremator

, 156

Charitable donations at funerals

, 106, 114

Charter for the Bereaved

, 147

Chief Rabbi

, 89

Children and babies sections in cemeteries

, 134

Children and death

, 21

Children’s funerals, cost

, 125

Cholera

, 10

Christian Church

, 70

Christian funerary practice

, 73–75

Christianity in England and Wales

, 40–41

Christian theology

, 69–70

Church Building Act 1819

, 7

Church in Wales

, 3, 6, 44–45, 70

membership of

, 71

Church of England

, 3, 6–7, 14, 41–44, 45, 48, 71, 99, 117–118, 168

Church of England and cremation

, 42–43

Church of England burial records

, 132

Church of England burial service

, 46

Churchyard of St Peter and St Paul, Cromer

, 145

Churchyards

, 8, 9, 42, 73–74, 127–148 passim

burial fees

, 117

burial legalities

, 140

closure

, 11, 12, 44, 144

closure in Wales

, 45

extension

, 12, 44, 131–133

layout

, 131–133

maintenance

, 143

monument fees

, 174

overcrowding

, 11

reordering

, 143–144

Civil celebrants

, 40, 99–100

Coffin bearers

, 62, 66, 101, 102

Coffins

, 61, 68, 96, 101, 132

biodegradeable

, 146

costs

, 113

and cremation service

, 159–160

factory construction

, 17

purchased online

, 113

‘shouldering’

, 101

style

, 103

transportation

, 14

Columbaria

, 162, 169, 171

Commemoration

, 167–177

benches

, 175–176

churchyard

, 174

and green burial

, 148

at home

, 174

plaques

, 133

virtual

, 176–177

Committal

, 107–108

in crematorium

, 159–160

Commonwealth War Graves Commission

, 14, 134

Common Worship

, 73

Community protection for burial sites

, 184

Condolence cards

, 99

Congregationalists

, 3

Consecration

, 42, 45–47 passim, 131

and Catholic Church

, 73

and theology

, 73

Conservation

, 179–184

conservation law

, 182–183

conservation officers

, 182–183

Co-operative Funeralcare

, 59ff, 119, 165, 167

Co-operative movement

, 57–58

Coroner’s Order for Burial, (Form 101)

, 27

Coroner

, 27–30 passim, 50, 66, 95–96, 115

Cortege

, 101

Coventry

, 18

Cremated remains

, 14, 34, 65, 66, 114, 120, 155, 158–159, 162, 169–170

and Church of England

, 42–43

in churchyards

, 45, 132

and commemoration

, 168–172

emissions

, 37

and Hindu practice

, 84

and modes of disposal

, 164

in public places

, 175–176

Cremation (England and Wales) Regulations 2008

, 157, 158

Cremation

, 13–14

certification

, 156–159

code of practice

, 64, 161

cost

, 17, 20

environmental impact

, 34

fees

, 115ff

history

, 149–152

number of

, 25, 152, 153

open air

, 48

rate

, 17, 19–20, 24, 25, 153

services

, 159–161

and Sikhism

, 84–85

as a technical process

, 161–162

Cremation Act 1902

, 36, 48, 51, 156

Cremation Act 1952

, 157

Cremation Society of England

, 13, 150, 152

Cremation Society of Great Britain

, 115

Crematoria

, 54

chapels

, 102, 154–155

chronology of opening

, 155

definition

, 48

design

, 154–156

equipment

, 161–162

floral display area

, 104

governance

, 49–52

management

, 51ff

numbers of

, 13–14, 17, 19, 152–153

ownership

, 49–52

provision

, 35, 152–154

public/private partnership

, 153

services

, 102

time slots

, 117

typical

, 155

Crematorium, Lawnswood, Leeds

, 154

Rowley Regis

, 165

Salisbury

, 20

The Oaks, Havant

, 154

Woking

, 13, 155ff, 162

Cremulation

, 162

Cross of Sacrifice

, 134

Dead bodies

care of

, 65

dressing

, 97

Hindu preparation of

, 83

Jewish preparation of

, 91

Muslim preparation of

, 78

transport

, 67

transportation of

, 30–32

viewing

, 98

washing generally

, 95

Death, principal causes of

, 23

Death at home/in hospital

, 21, 95

Death grant

, 18, 121

Death notices

, 95, 98, 99, 115

Death registration

, 27ff, 66

Deaths, number of

, 25

Demographic context

, 23ff

Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs

, 33–34, 37

Dickens, Charles

, 9

Digital technology

, 107

Dignity plc

, 58, 60, 61, 117, 118, 153, 167

Diocesan Advisory Committee

, 44

Chancellor

, 44

Registrar

, 44

Direct cremation

, 68, 108, 119–120, 159

Disbursements

, 115

District councils

, 50

Disused Burial Grounds (Amendment) Act 1981

, 142–143

Do-it-yourself funerals

, 68, 146

Eastern Orthodox Church

, 69

and cremation

, 73

Eighteenth-century history

, 5ff

Embalming

, 16, 61, 63, 65, 97, 114

Enlightenment

, 5

Environmental Protection Act 1990

, 37

Eucharist

, 74

Exclusive right of burial

, 115

Exhumation

, 67, 143, 182

Faculty

, 42, 140, 142–143

Family visits to the grave/crematorium

, 173

Federation of British Cremation Authorities

, 54, 161, 168

Final confession

, 73

Fiqh

, 77

Flowers

, 65, 79, 91, 96, 98, 99, 103–104, 104, 108, 115, 156, 160–161, 172

Foetus

, 24–26

and death registration

, 29

definition

, 29–30

‘Friends of’ cemetery groups

, 184

Funeral directors

, 32, 96–103 passim, 160

branch organisation

, 58–60

codes of practice

, 64

costs

, 113ff

history

, 5–22, 57–68 passim

independent

, 57ff

industry

, 57–68

range of services

, 64–67

size of industry

, 60

trade associations

, 62–63

training and qualifications

, 63

typical premises

, 61–62

Funeral Expenses Payments

, 67, 121–124

Funeral Planning Authority

, 118

Funerals

, 95–109

attendance at

, 105

attire

, 100

and charitable donations

, 66

costs

, 65, 111–125

and digital recording

, 107

horses

, 15, 16

making arrangements

, 96–97ff

music

, 21, 66, 105, 106, 160

notices

, 65

poverty

, 120ff

service

, 105–106

‘tea’

, 100, 108–109

‘Gardening’ the grave

, 173

Gardens of Remembrance

, 17, 163, 168, 169, 171

within churchyards

, 132

General Synod

, 73

Ghai, Babaji Davender

, 48

Gibraltar

, 1

Glasgow

, 151

Gorini, Paulo

, 150

Grave

, 135ff, 136

backfilling

, 108, 137

depth

, 135

dimensions

, 135

family

, 15, 97

in Islamic tradition

, 79

leased in perpetuity

, 138

objects left on

, 172, 173

plans

, 133

private

, 138

public

, 138

purchased

, 138

register

, 138

re-opens

, 135

re-use

, 132, 140–142

unpurchased

, 138

visiting

, 16

Gravedigging

, 115, 135–137

Greater London Authority

, 50

Greater London Powers Act 1976

, 141

Greater Manchester

, 76

Great Southern Group

, 58

Green Belt, cemeteries and crematoria in

, 36–37

Green burial

, 128, 146–148

Green cremation

, 163–165

Green funerals

, 59

Green Wedge

, 36

Habitat Action Plans

, 183

Harrogate District Council

, 39

Health and Safety

, 38–40

Health and Safety at Work Act 1974

, 38

Health and Safety Executive

, 38

Hearses

, 16, 61, 101, 114, 155

Helen House, Oxford

, 21

Hell

, 14

Heritage Lottery Fund

, 184

Hindus

, 41, 48, 81

and cremation

, 83–84

funerary practice

, 82–84

mourning rituals

, 84

theology

, 81

Historic England

, 182, 183

Hodgson Holdings

, 58

Hospitals, role of in arranging funeral

, 35

House of Commons

, 2, 7

House of Lords

, 2

Hull

, 18, 153

Humanists

, 41, 99

Imperial War Graves Commission

, 14–15

Independents

, 3, 70

member

, 71

Institute of Cemetery and Crematorium Management

, 53, 120, 147, 168

Internet and funerary practice

, 99, 113, 160, 176ff

Interwar period history

, 14

Irish migration

, 70

Islamic funerary practice

, 77–81

mourning rituals

, 80–81

theology

, 76ff

Isle of Man

, 1, 24, 30

Jewish funerary practice

, 89–93

burial law

, 89–90

burial societies

, 90–91

cemeteries

, 90–91

mourning rituals

, 92

Jews

, 41, 87–88

Joint committees

, 51

Judaism

, 88–89

Kenyon Securities

, 58

Language

, 3

Law

, 2, 26ff

ecclesiastical

, 42

ecclesiastical in Wales

, 45

on meeting minority needs

, 40ff, 46–48

on providing burial space

, 47–48

Lawn cemeteries

, 171

Leicester

, 42, 78, 84

Listing status

, 183

Liverpool

, 9, 151

Livestreaming funeral services

, 160

Local authorities

, 50–51

Local Authorities Cemeteries Order 1977

, 35, 38, 46, 135, 138, 148

Local government

, 35, 49–52

Local Government Act 1972

, 49, 144

Local Nature Reserves

, 183

Local Plans, cemeteries and crematoria in

, 36

London

, 2, 9, 11, 18, 35, 51, 70, 76, 78

and burial law

, 33

and grave re-use

, 141–142

London Borough of Hackney

, 49

London Borough of Tower Hamets

, 49, 76

London Boroughs

, 50

London Local Authorities Act 2007

, 141

London Mayor

, 50

Lych gate

, 132

Manchester

, 8, 9, 90, 151

Marine Maritime Organisation

, 33

Mass

, 74

Medical Certificate of the Cause of Death

, 27, 28, 95

Medical practioner

role in death registration

, 27

Memorials

, 66

in churchyards

, 132

cost

, 115

dilapidation

, 38

and ground settling

, 137

inscription, typical

, 172

in Islamic tradition

, 79

in Jewish tradition

, 92–93

permissions

, 44

plaques

, 170

removal

, 38, 143, 144, 182

right to erect

, 138–140

safety

, 42

in Sikh tradition

, 87

testing

, 38–39

typical lawn

, 172

Memoria Ltd

, 153

Mercury emissions

, 162

Methodists

, 70

members

, 71

Welsh Calvinist

, 44–45

Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government

, 33

Ministry of Justice

, 33, 129, 131, 142, 144, 148, 182

Monumental masons

, 40, 167–168

Mortality rates

, 10–11, 18, 23–24

Mortuary, public

, 27

Mourning attire

, 5, 15, 91

muchloved.com

, 176–177

Municipal funeral services

, 120–121

Muslim Burial Council

, 78

Muslim Council of Britain

, 77

Muslim Gardens of Peace

, 78, 80

Muslims

, 3, 41, 75–76

burial

, 77–78

funerary practice

, 77–81

Mutes

, 9

Napoleonic Code

, 6

National Association of Cemetery Superintendents

, 53

National Association of Funeral Directors

, 16–17, 18, 62, 111–112

National Association of Local Councils

, 55

National Association of Memorial Masons

, 168

National Council for Hindu Temples

, 82

National Health Service

, 18, 35

National Policy Planning Framework

, 36, 183

Natural burial. See Green burial

Natural Death Centre

, 68, 146–147

Newcastle City Council

, 48

New churches, members

, 71

Next of kin, definition

, 95

Northern Ireland

, 1, 30

Officiants

, 65, 99ff, 106, 155

fees

, 115, 118

Open Spaces Act 1906

, 143

Order of service

, 66, 96, 105

cost

, 115

Orthodox Church, members

, 70

Parish, governance

, 12

Parish councils

, 51, 54–55

Parish system

, 43

subdivision

, 7, 43

Parochial church councils

, 144

Pastoral Measure 2015

, 142

Pauper grave

, 10

Pentecostal church

, 70

membership of

, 71

Perpetuity

, 138

PFG Hodgson Kenyon International plc

, 58

Planning

, 33, 36, 37

Plantsbrook Group

, 58

Plots

, 135

Political structure of England and Wales

, 2–3

Poor Law Amendment Act 1834

, 9–10

Pope Francis

, 74–75

Population

, 1–2

Post-Second World War history

, 17

Prayers for the dead, in First World War

, 14

Pre-paid funeral plans

, 67, 118–119

Presbyterian Church in Wales

, 71

Price, William

, 150

Price comparison websites

, 112

Private acts of parliament

, 33

Protestantism

, 3

Public Health (Control of Diseases) Act 1984

, 35, 124

Public health funerals

, 124–125

Public reading time

, 21

Purgatory

, 73

Qu’ran

, 77

Quakers

, 3

Qualified informants

, 28

Queen Elizabeth II

, 2

Queen Victoria

, 9, 13, 15, 149

Rahit Maryada

, 86

Reformation

, 3

Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest

, 183

Registrar

, 28ff, 50, 98

Religious affiliation

, 41

Religious belief and funerary practice

, 69–93

Religious tolerance

, 3, 46

Remembrance services

, 176

Removal of body implants

, 162

Repatriation

, 24

Republic of Ireland

, 1

Resomation

, 34

Resomation Ltd

, 165

Royal London funeral cost survey

, 112

Rurality

, 2

Scale of operation

, 51

Scotland

, 1, 30, 34

Secularity

, 3

Service Corporation International

, 58

Sexton

, 7, 140

Shroud, burial in

, 79, 146

Sikhs

, 41, 48, 84

and cremation

, 84–85

funerary practice

, 86–87

theology

, 84

Sites of Special Scientific Interest

, 183

Society of Allied and Independent Funeral Directors

, 62

Society of Local Council Clerks

, 55, 168

Spiritualism

, 14

Spontaneous shrines

, 175

St Christopher’s Hospice

, 21

St George’s Chapel, Windsor

, 180

Stillbirths

, 24–26, 29

Stillborn and Neonatal Death Society

, 26

St Paul’s Cathedral

, 180

Sun Life funeral cost survey

, 112

Thanksgiving or celebration of life services

, 108, 120

Theology

, 5

Thompson, Sir Henry

, 13, 149

Town Clerks

, 55

Town councils

, 51, 54

Union of Welsh Independents, membership

, 71

Unitary authorities, definition

, 50

United Reformed Church, membership

, 72

Urbanisation

, 10

Wake

, 100

Walker, George Alfred

, 11

War cemeteries

, 15, 128, 129

War memorial

, 132, 176

Welfare assistance with funerals

, 10, 121–124

Welfare State

, 18, 21

Welsh Assembly

, 2

Welsh Church Act 1914

, 45

Welsh language, forms in

, 158

West, Ken

, 146

West Midlands

, 76

Westminster Abbey

, 179–180

Woodland burial. See Green burial

World War, First

, 3, 14ff, 17, 53

World War, Second

, 17ff

Yew trees

, 133