Index
Julie Rugg
(University of York, UK)
Brian Parsons
(Training Consultant and Researcher, UK)
Funerary Practices in England and Wales
ISBN: 978-1-78769-226-8, eISBN: 978-1-78769-223-7
Publication date: 30 October 2018
This content is currently only available as a PDF
Citation
Rugg, J. and Parsons, B. (2018), "Index", Funerary Practices in England and Wales (Funerary International), Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-223-720181013
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2018 Julie Rugg and Brian Parsons
INDEX
Alkaline hydrolysis
, 34, 163–165
All-Party Parliamentary Group on Funerals and Bereavement
, 26
All Saints’ Day
, 75
All Souls’ Day
, 75
Anatomy Act, 1832
, 10
Apostolic Nuncio
, 70
Archbishop of Canterbury
, 42
Ashes. See Cremated remains
Association for Significant Cemeteries in Europe
, 184
Association of Natural Burial Grounds
, 146–148 passim
Average national wage
, 111
Baptists
, 3, 70
number of
, 71
Bermuda
, 1
Bible
, 70
Bier
, 161
Birmingham
, 8
Births, Deaths and Registration Act 1926
, 29
Births and Deaths Registration Act 1953
, 27
Board of Deputies
, 89
Body, donations for anatomical study
, 67
Body parts
, 67
Book of Common Prayer
, 7
Book of Remembrance
, 169, 170, 171
British Institute of Embalmers
, 16, 63
British Medical Association
, 158
British Register of Accredited Memorial Masons
, 168
British Undertakers’ Association
, 16–17
Buddhists
, 41
Burial
, 127–148
Burial, common law right to
, 43
Burial, pressure on space
, 7
Burial, refusal of
, 6–7
Burial Act 1852
, 11
Burial Act 1853
, 11, 144
Burial Act 1857
, 140–141
Burial Act 1900
, 131
Burial Acts
, 11–12, 46, 134
abolition of
, 49
Burial at sea
, 33
Burial authorities
, 47–48
Burial fees
, 115ff
Burial grounds
, 127–129
Burial insurance
, 18–19
Burial law
, 33
Burial Laws Amendment Act 1880
, 46
Burial register
, 137, 139
Burial rights, legalities of
, 137–139
transfer
, 138
Burial sites at risk
, 180–182
definition
, 127
numbers of
, 129–131
types
, 127–128
Burial space, disused
, 142–145
Cadw
, 182
Cardiff
, 2, 8
Caring for God’s Acre
, 184
Carlisle
, 146, 147
Catafalque
, 101, 104, 159–160
Catholic Church
, 69–70
and consecration
, 73
and cremation
, 20, 73–75 passim
in England and Wales
, 70
members of
, 71
Catholic funerary practice
, 69–75
Catholicism
, 3
Catholics
, 46
Cayman Islands
, 1
‘Celebration of death’
, 9
Cemeteries
, 127–148 passim
buildings
, 12, 134
burial legalities
, 137–140
chapels
, 12, 13, 134
children and babies sections within
, 134
gates
, 12
governance
, 49–52
joint-stock
, 7, 9, 11
landscaping
, 134
lawn
, 15
layout
, 133–135
management
, 51ff
ownership
, 49–52
provision, statutory requirement
, 35
sections for faith groups
, 134
typical size of
, 133–134
Cemetery, Abney Park (London)
, 184
Arnos Vale (Bristol)
, 184
Brookwood (Woking)
, 172–173
Carlisle
, 147
City of London
, 142, 171
General (Sheffield)
, 184
General (York)
, 184
Great Northern (London)
, 150
Harlow Hill (Harrogate)
, 39
Highgate (London)
, 184
Saffron Hill (Leicestser)
, 78
Thornton-le-Dale (Ryedale)
, 54
Welford Road (Leicester)
, 42
Willesden New (London)
, 13
Certificate of Coroner (Cremation 6)
, 27
Certificate of Registration of Death
, 28
Chadwick, Edwin
, 11
Channel Islands
, 1, 24, 30
Chapel of rest
, 61, 65
Chapels of ease
, 43
Charging the cremator
, 156
Charitable donations at funerals
, 106, 114
Charter for the Bereaved
, 147
Chief Rabbi
, 89
Children and babies sections in cemeteries
, 134
Children and death
, 21
Children’s funerals, cost
, 125
Cholera
, 10
Christian Church
, 70
Christian funerary practice
, 73–75
Christianity in England and Wales
, 40–41
Christian theology
, 69–70
Church Building Act 1819
, 7
Church in Wales
, 3, 6, 44–45, 70
membership of
, 71
Church of England
, 3, 6–7, 14, 41–44, 45, 48, 71, 99, 117–118, 168
Church of England and cremation
, 42–43
Church of England burial records
, 132
Church of England burial service
, 46
Churchyard of St Peter and St Paul, Cromer
, 145
Churchyards
, 8, 9, 42, 73–74, 127–148 passim
burial fees
, 117
burial legalities
, 140
closure
, 11, 12, 44, 144
closure in Wales
, 45
extension
, 12, 44, 131–133
layout
, 131–133
maintenance
, 143
monument fees
, 174
overcrowding
, 11
reordering
, 143–144
Civil celebrants
, 40, 99–100
Coffin bearers
, 62, 66, 101, 102
Coffins
, 61, 68, 96, 101, 132
biodegradeable
, 146
costs
, 113
and cremation service
, 159–160
factory construction
, 17
purchased online
, 113
‘shouldering’
, 101
style
, 103
transportation
, 14
Columbaria
, 162, 169, 171
Commemoration
, 167–177
benches
, 175–176
churchyard
, 174
and green burial
, 148
at home
, 174
plaques
, 133
virtual
, 176–177
Committal
, 107–108
in crematorium
, 159–160
Commonwealth War Graves Commission
, 14, 134
Common Worship
, 73
Community protection for burial sites
, 184
Condolence cards
, 99
Congregationalists
, 3
Consecration
, 42, 45–47 passim, 131
and Catholic Church
, 73
and theology
, 73
Conservation
, 179–184
conservation law
, 182–183
conservation officers
, 182–183
Co-operative Funeralcare
, 59ff, 119, 165, 167
Co-operative movement
, 57–58
Coroner’s Order for Burial, (Form 101)
, 27
Coroner
, 27–30 passim, 50, 66, 95–96, 115
Cortege
, 101
Coventry
, 18
Cremated remains
, 14, 34, 65, 66, 114, 120, 155, 158–159, 162, 169–170
and Church of England
, 42–43
in churchyards
, 45, 132
and commemoration
, 168–172
emissions
, 37
and Hindu practice
, 84
and modes of disposal
, 164
in public places
, 175–176
Cremation (England and Wales) Regulations 2008
, 157, 158
Cremation
, 13–14
certification
, 156–159
code of practice
, 64, 161
cost
, 17, 20
environmental impact
, 34
fees
, 115ff
history
, 149–152
number of
, 25, 152, 153
open air
, 48
rate
, 17, 19–20, 24, 25, 153
services
, 159–161
and Sikhism
, 84–85
as a technical process
, 161–162
Cremation Act 1902
, 36, 48, 51, 156
Cremation Act 1952
, 157
Cremation Society of England
, 13, 150, 152
Cremation Society of Great Britain
, 115
Crematoria
, 54
chapels
, 102, 154–155
chronology of opening
, 155
definition
, 48
design
, 154–156
equipment
, 161–162
floral display area
, 104
governance
, 49–52
management
, 51ff
numbers of
, 13–14, 17, 19, 152–153
ownership
, 49–52
provision
, 35, 152–154
public/private partnership
, 153
services
, 102
time slots
, 117
typical
, 155
Crematorium, Lawnswood, Leeds
, 154
Rowley Regis
, 165
Salisbury
, 20
The Oaks, Havant
, 154
Woking
, 13, 155ff, 162
Cremulation
, 162
Cross of Sacrifice
, 134
Dead bodies
care of
, 65
dressing
, 97
Hindu preparation of
, 83
Jewish preparation of
, 91
Muslim preparation of
, 78
transport
, 67
transportation of
, 30–32
viewing
, 98
washing generally
, 95
Death, principal causes of
, 23
Death at home/in hospital
, 21, 95
Death grant
, 18, 121
Death notices
, 95, 98, 99, 115
Death registration
, 27ff, 66
Deaths, number of
, 25
Demographic context
, 23ff
Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
, 33–34, 37
Dickens, Charles
, 9
Digital technology
, 107
Dignity plc
, 58, 60, 61, 117, 118, 153, 167
Diocesan Advisory Committee
, 44
Chancellor
, 44
Registrar
, 44
Direct cremation
, 68, 108, 119–120, 159
Disbursements
, 115
District councils
, 50
Disused Burial Grounds (Amendment) Act 1981
, 142–143
Do-it-yourself funerals
, 68, 146
Eastern Orthodox Church
, 69
and cremation
, 73
Eighteenth-century history
, 5ff
Embalming
, 16, 61, 63, 65, 97, 114
Enlightenment
, 5
Environmental Protection Act 1990
, 37
Eucharist
, 74
Exclusive right of burial
, 115
Exhumation
, 67, 143, 182
Faculty
, 42, 140, 142–143
Family visits to the grave/crematorium
, 173
Federation of British Cremation Authorities
, 54, 161, 168
Final confession
, 73
Fiqh
, 77
Flowers
, 65, 79, 91, 96, 98, 99, 103–104, 104, 108, 115, 156, 160–161, 172
Foetus
, 24–26
and death registration
, 29
definition
, 29–30
‘Friends of’ cemetery groups
, 184
Funeral directors
, 32, 96–103 passim, 160
branch organisation
, 58–60
codes of practice
, 64
costs
, 113ff
history
, 5–22, 57–68 passim
independent
, 57ff
industry
, 57–68
range of services
, 64–67
size of industry
, 60
trade associations
, 62–63
training and qualifications
, 63
typical premises
, 61–62
Funeral Expenses Payments
, 67, 121–124
Funeral Planning Authority
, 118
Funerals
, 95–109
attendance at
, 105
attire
, 100
and charitable donations
, 66
costs
, 65, 111–125
and digital recording
, 107
horses
, 15, 16
making arrangements
, 96–97ff
music
, 21, 66, 105, 106, 160
notices
, 65
poverty
, 120ff
service
, 105–106
‘tea’
, 100, 108–109
‘Gardening’ the grave
, 173
Gardens of Remembrance
, 17, 163, 168, 169, 171
within churchyards
, 132
General Synod
, 73
Ghai, Babaji Davender
, 48
Gibraltar
, 1
Glasgow
, 151
Gorini, Paulo
, 150
Grave
, 135ff, 136
backfilling
, 108, 137
depth
, 135
dimensions
, 135
family
, 15, 97
in Islamic tradition
, 79
leased in perpetuity
, 138
objects left on
, 172, 173
plans
, 133
private
, 138
public
, 138
purchased
, 138
register
, 138
re-opens
, 135
re-use
, 132, 140–142
unpurchased
, 138
visiting
, 16
Gravedigging
, 115, 135–137
Greater London Authority
, 50
Greater London Powers Act 1976
, 141
Greater Manchester
, 76
Great Southern Group
, 58
Green Belt, cemeteries and crematoria in
, 36–37
Green burial
, 128, 146–148
Green cremation
, 163–165
Green funerals
, 59
Green Wedge
, 36
Habitat Action Plans
, 183
Harrogate District Council
, 39
Health and Safety
, 38–40
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
, 38
Health and Safety Executive
, 38
Hearses
, 16, 61, 101, 114, 155
Helen House, Oxford
, 21
Hell
, 14
Heritage Lottery Fund
, 184
Hindus
, 41, 48, 81
and cremation
, 83–84
funerary practice
, 82–84
mourning rituals
, 84
theology
, 81
Historic England
, 182, 183
Hodgson Holdings
, 58
Hospitals, role of in arranging funeral
, 35
House of Commons
, 2, 7
House of Lords
, 2
Hull
, 18, 153
Humanists
, 41, 99
Imperial War Graves Commission
, 14–15
Independents
, 3, 70
member
, 71
Institute of Cemetery and Crematorium Management
, 53, 120, 147, 168
Internet and funerary practice
, 99, 113, 160, 176ff
Interwar period history
, 14
Irish migration
, 70
Islamic funerary practice
, 77–81
mourning rituals
, 80–81
theology
, 76ff
Isle of Man
, 1, 24, 30
Jewish funerary practice
, 89–93
burial law
, 89–90
burial societies
, 90–91
cemeteries
, 90–91
mourning rituals
, 92
Jews
, 41, 87–88
Joint committees
, 51
Judaism
, 88–89
Kenyon Securities
, 58
Language
, 3
Law
, 2, 26ff
ecclesiastical
, 42
ecclesiastical in Wales
, 45
on meeting minority needs
, 40ff, 46–48
on providing burial space
, 47–48
Lawn cemeteries
, 171
Leicester
, 42, 78, 84
Listing status
, 183
Liverpool
, 9, 151
Livestreaming funeral services
, 160
Local authorities
, 50–51
Local Authorities Cemeteries Order 1977
, 35, 38, 46, 135, 138, 148
Local government
, 35, 49–52
Local Government Act 1972
, 49, 144
Local Nature Reserves
, 183
Local Plans, cemeteries and crematoria in
, 36
London
, 2, 9, 11, 18, 35, 51, 70, 76, 78
and burial law
, 33
and grave re-use
, 141–142
London Borough of Hackney
, 49
London Borough of Tower Hamets
, 49, 76
London Boroughs
, 50
London Local Authorities Act 2007
, 141
London Mayor
, 50
Lych gate
, 132
Manchester
, 8, 9, 90, 151
Marine Maritime Organisation
, 33
Mass
, 74
Medical Certificate of the Cause of Death
, 27, 28, 95
Medical practioner
role in death registration
, 27
Memorials
, 66
in churchyards
, 132
cost
, 115
dilapidation
, 38
and ground settling
, 137
inscription, typical
, 172
in Islamic tradition
, 79
in Jewish tradition
, 92–93
permissions
, 44
plaques
, 170
removal
, 38, 143, 144, 182
right to erect
, 138–140
safety
, 42
in Sikh tradition
, 87
testing
, 38–39
typical lawn
, 172
Memoria Ltd
, 153
Mercury emissions
, 162
Methodists
, 70
members
, 71
Welsh Calvinist
, 44–45
Ministry for Housing, Communities and Local Government
, 33
Ministry of Justice
, 33, 129, 131, 142, 144, 148, 182
Monumental masons
, 40, 167–168
Mortality rates
, 10–11, 18, 23–24
Mortuary, public
, 27
Mourning attire
, 5, 15, 91
muchloved.com
, 176–177
Municipal funeral services
, 120–121
Muslim Burial Council
, 78
Muslim Council of Britain
, 77
Muslim Gardens of Peace
, 78, 80
Muslims
, 3, 41, 75–76
burial
, 77–78
funerary practice
, 77–81
Mutes
, 9
Napoleonic Code
, 6
National Association of Cemetery Superintendents
, 53
National Association of Funeral Directors
, 16–17, 18, 62, 111–112
National Association of Local Councils
, 55
National Association of Memorial Masons
, 168
National Council for Hindu Temples
, 82
National Health Service
, 18, 35
National Policy Planning Framework
, 36, 183
Natural burial. See Green burial
Natural Death Centre
, 68, 146–147
Newcastle City Council
, 48
New churches, members
, 71
Next of kin, definition
, 95
Northern Ireland
, 1, 30
Officiants
, 65, 99ff, 106, 155
fees
, 115, 118
Open Spaces Act 1906
, 143
Order of service
, 66, 96, 105
cost
, 115
Orthodox Church, members
, 70
Parish, governance
, 12
Parish councils
, 51, 54–55
Parish system
, 43
subdivision
, 7, 43
Parochial church councils
, 144
Pastoral Measure 2015
, 142
Pauper grave
, 10
Pentecostal church
, 70
membership of
, 71
Perpetuity
, 138
PFG Hodgson Kenyon International plc
, 58
Planning
, 33, 36, 37
Plantsbrook Group
, 58
Plots
, 135
Political structure of England and Wales
, 2–3
Poor Law Amendment Act 1834
, 9–10
Pope Francis
, 74–75
Population
, 1–2
Post-Second World War history
, 17
Prayers for the dead, in First World War
, 14
Pre-paid funeral plans
, 67, 118–119
Presbyterian Church in Wales
, 71
Price, William
, 150
Price comparison websites
, 112
Private acts of parliament
, 33
Protestantism
, 3
Public Health (Control of Diseases) Act 1984
, 35, 124
Public health funerals
, 124–125
Public reading time
, 21
Purgatory
, 73
Qu’ran
, 77
Quakers
, 3
Qualified informants
, 28
Queen Elizabeth II
, 2
Queen Victoria
, 9, 13, 15, 149
Rahit Maryada
, 86
Reformation
, 3
Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest
, 183
Registrar
, 28ff, 50, 98
Religious affiliation
, 41
Religious belief and funerary practice
, 69–93
Religious tolerance
, 3, 46
Remembrance services
, 176
Removal of body implants
, 162
Repatriation
, 24
Republic of Ireland
, 1
Resomation
, 34
Resomation Ltd
, 165
Royal London funeral cost survey
, 112
Rurality
, 2
Scale of operation
, 51
Scotland
, 1, 30, 34
Secularity
, 3
Service Corporation International
, 58
Sexton
, 7, 140
Shroud, burial in
, 79, 146
Sikhs
, 41, 48, 84
and cremation
, 84–85
funerary practice
, 86–87
theology
, 84
Sites of Special Scientific Interest
, 183
Society of Allied and Independent Funeral Directors
, 62
Society of Local Council Clerks
, 55, 168
Spiritualism
, 14
Spontaneous shrines
, 175
St Christopher’s Hospice
, 21
St George’s Chapel, Windsor
, 180
Stillbirths
, 24–26, 29
Stillborn and Neonatal Death Society
, 26
St Paul’s Cathedral
, 180
Sun Life funeral cost survey
, 112
Thanksgiving or celebration of life services
, 108, 120
Theology
, 5
Thompson, Sir Henry
, 13, 149
Town Clerks
, 55
Town councils
, 51, 54
Union of Welsh Independents, membership
, 71
Unitary authorities, definition
, 50
United Reformed Church, membership
, 72
Urbanisation
, 10
Wake
, 100
Walker, George Alfred
, 11
War cemeteries
, 15, 128, 129
War memorial
, 132, 176
Welfare assistance with funerals
, 10, 121–124
Welfare State
, 18, 21
Welsh Assembly
, 2
Welsh Church Act 1914
, 45
Welsh language, forms in
, 158
West, Ken
, 146
West Midlands
, 76
Westminster Abbey
, 179–180
Woodland burial. See Green burial
World War, First
, 3, 14ff, 17, 53
World War, Second
, 17ff
Yew trees
, 133
- Prelims
- Chapter 1 England and Wales: An Introduction
- Chapter 2 History
- Chapter 3 Demographic and Legal Frameworks
- Chapter 4 Cemeteries and Crematoria: Governance and Management
- Chapter 5 The Funeral Directing Industry
- Chapter 6 Religious Belief and Funerary Practice
- Chapter 7 A Typical Funeral
- Chapter 8 Paying for Funerals
- Chapter 9 Burial
- Chapter 10 Cremation
- Chapter 11 Commemoration
- Chapter 12 Conservation
- Bibliography
- Index