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The network of new land routes to link East Asia and Europe was first raised by President Xi Jinping on a 2013 visit to Kazakhstan, through which the more critical central…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB198835
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The abrupt halt to Russian oil supplies threatened the refining industry that is critical to Minsk's finances. Acutely aware of Russian leverage, Belarusian President Alexander…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB249819
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Business relocations may provide a modest boost to Kazakhstan's hopes of diversifying its hydrocarbons-based economy and reducing reliance on Russia. For the moment, it needs…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272387
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Central Asian gains and risk from the Belt and Road Initiative
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB231982
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Turkmen leaders rarely visit foreign countries. The visit to Beijing aimed at securing Chinese commitment to completing a new natural gas pipeline through Tajikistan and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB277932
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The same month, Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliyev said Russia was willing to accept reduced rates for its gas. The two announcements follow an intense diplomatic game…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278988
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The modest GDP increase is attributed to government support for the economy as well as steadier oil prices and the launch of production at the Kashagan oil field. Low debt levels…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB217155
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Kazakhstan's economy is coming out of a period of subdued growth. An improved external environment, increased oil production and the delayed impacts of past fiscal spending are…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB224280
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Kazakhstan’s economy has weathered well the turbulences created by the war in Ukraine. A new context for the country’s traditional aspirations to balance and diversify economic…