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KAZAKHSTAN/CHINA: Ties set to strengthen further
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES203104
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In June 2022, Russia booked almost twice the revenue (USD20.4bn) from such exports. Declining oil income poses a serious challenge to the administration of President Vladimir…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280900
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia has lost almost all its customers in Europe, which bought 48% of its crude exports by volume last year. To compensate, it has been sending more crude to Asian markets in…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB274825
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Most of Russia’s hydrocarbon export revenues are generated from oil now that gas sales have collapsed. Ambitious state spending plans are based on oil revenues rising this year…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284811
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Collapsing oil production.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB233461
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is Russia’s drastic response to most developed states’ economic sanctions following the invasion of Ukraine. It means a new geography of foreign trade that will not only…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278226
ISSN: 2633-304X
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US fuel autarky and foreign policy.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB235628
ISSN: 2633-304X
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European buyers are rushing to buy crude before EU sanctions take effect. Expectations of a hefty fall in Russian oil exports and output have not materialised, because China and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272296
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Kazakhstan-China ties.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB207604
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Higher oil prices, enhanced sanctions evasion and imported Iranian 'diluents' (liquids used to dilute heavy crude) allowed for a resurgence of Venezuelan oil exports and…