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Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 July 2017

The debate around European defence integration has surfaced periodically over past decades, but progress has fallen short of expectations. Brexit and the elections of Presidents…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 28 April 2023

The ban, a centrepiece of the EU’s ambitious plan to reach net-zero emissions by 2050, requires carmakers in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland (the 'V4' countries…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 2 November 2017

Shale gas in Europe.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 8 August 2022

Energy exports have been Russia’s potent weapon against Europe since the Ukraine war began. When NS1 closed for maintenance in July, fears mounted that flows would not resume…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 22 March 2023

National efforts, EU-wide measures, warm weather and low Chinese demand helped them weather the impact of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but partly at the expense of progress on…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 29 March 2023

Despite controversies and Western push-back, Beijing remains involved in infrastructure development across South-eastern Europe. Chinese investment is also flowing into the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 November 2018

BRI’s evolving nature.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 4 October 2023

The plan includes investment in the skills needed for the transition from heavy industry to a greener, smarter and more electric future. Those skills are in short supply thanks to…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 3 May 2016

Central European FDI from China.

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