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Expert briefing
Publication date: 25 February 2015

Azerbaijan's application for observer status in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).

Expert briefing
Publication date: 29 September 2023

The changing regional dynamic as Azerbaijan has gained control of Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia, a traditional Iranian ally, creates a dilemma for Tehran. Iran fears that Turkey…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 18 August 2022

Interest in the 'Middle Corridor' was revived after Russia invaded Ukraine and expanding Western sanctions raised the commercial risk for carriers. Despite enthusiasm among…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 February 2024

This follows years of the region being regarded as of peripheral interest to Brussels. Nonetheless, relations have not always been smooth.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 May 2023

Shamkhani raised the issue of reactivating the ‘rupee-rial’ mechanism to boost bilateral trade, which has fallen sharply since 2018-19. The visit came at a time when Iran has…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 30 November 2023

During his meeting with his Kazakh counterpart Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Astana, Putin called the two countries “not just allies, but very close allies”. A month earlier, Putin had…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 March 2017

Two years on from its founding in 2015, the EEU has not created the expected boom in trade among member states, and is hampered by internal disagreements and persistent trade…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 6 November 2023

Tensions between opposing political forces rose last month when the government triggered impeachment proceedings against the president. Although this failed, strains between the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 May 2023

The same month, Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliyev said Russia was willing to accept reduced rates for its gas. The two announcements follow an intense diplomatic game…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 3 January 2018

Still developing since its January 2015 launch, the EEU is the most comprehensive integration initiative yet by post-Soviet states. Russia is by far the most powerful member…

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