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1 – 10 of 210Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The rising frequency of drone attacks is raising the risk of oil product shortages within Russia. Already Western sanctions on the supply of spare parts had made the maintenance…
Tokayev has also criticised regional officials for relying excessively on budgetary funding and not doing enough to attract private capital. However, structural economic and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285674
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Record levels of defence spending have led to surging demand for inputs used to manufacture military equipment, driving up output across various sectors. However, evidence of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285498
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Modestly increased gas exports to China have offset only a fraction of the lost business in Europe. The United States last year imposed sanctions on the flagship Arctic-2 LNG…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284845
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Most of Russia’s hydrocarbon export revenues are generated from oil now that gas sales have collapsed. Ambitious state spending plans are based on oil revenues rising this year…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284811
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Astana's aspirations to reach 2 million b/d have been set back by difficulties in raising output at major fields. Government efforts to diversify the economy away from…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284546
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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With both countries facing isolation from the West, Russia and Belarus are seeking to move closer together. The contact mechanisms of the Union State of Russia and Belarus are…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282807
ISSN: 2633-304X
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China has provided low-key economic support for Russia so far, but overt military support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has not been forthcoming. Beijing has also resisted…