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1 – 10 of 42Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Modestly increased gas exports to China have offset only a fraction of the lost business in Europe. The United States last year imposed sanctions on the flagship Arctic-2 LNG…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284845
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Most of Russia’s hydrocarbon export revenues are generated from oil now that gas sales have collapsed. Ambitious state spending plans are based on oil revenues rising this year…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284811
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Astana's aspirations to reach 2 million b/d have been set back by difficulties in raising output at major fields. Government efforts to diversify the economy away from…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284546
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In June 2022, Russia booked almost twice the revenue (USD20.4bn) from such exports. Declining oil income poses a serious challenge to the administration of President Vladimir…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280900
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Ample gas reserves in the semi-autonomous Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) could potentially help address energy shortfalls in Baghdad and Ankara. However, internal and external…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB276182
ISSN: 2633-304X
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IRAQ: Turkish-Kurdish oil bargain will be hard-fought
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES278008
ISSN: 2633-304X
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International relations may provide some respite. Recent visits by President Miguel Diaz-Canel to Algiers, Moscow, Istanbul and Beijing prompted several gestures that should ease…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB275402
ISSN: 2633-304X
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TURKEY: Russian sanctions provide opportunity
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES272314
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is Russia’s drastic response to most developed states’ economic sanctions following the invasion of Ukraine. It means a new geography of foreign trade that will not only…