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1 – 10 of 167Europe is increasingly interested in accessing large Turkmen gas reserves, potentially via Turkey, which has reached agreements with Turkmenistan on possible swap deals via Iran…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286656
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is the trajectory followed by the majority of member states. However, blockages remain in east-central Europe, where Turkey could play a role in maintaining direct or…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286400
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The elections, resulting in a fractured mandate and marred by allegations of rigging, have increased polarisation. Separately, Pakistan’s nine-month, roughly USD3bn Stand-By…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285381
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Tokayev has also criticised regional officials for relying excessively on budgetary funding and not doing enough to attract private capital. However, structural economic and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285674
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Modestly increased gas exports to China have offset only a fraction of the lost business in Europe. The United States last year imposed sanctions on the flagship Arctic-2 LNG…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284845
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Vietnam is Russia’s closest partner in South-east Asia and has refused to criticise Moscow over the Ukraine war. Between 2000 and 2022, Russia accounted for more than 80% of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284520
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Most of Russia’s hydrocarbon export revenues are generated from oil now that gas sales have collapsed. Ambitious state spending plans are based on oil revenues rising this year…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284811
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The IMF recently recommended structural reforms to bolster the economy, which has struggled to recover from the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Brunei has long been reliant on…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284691
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Astana's aspirations to reach 2 million b/d have been set back by difficulties in raising output at major fields. Government efforts to diversify the economy away from…