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UKRAINE: Kyiv will not extend gas transit agreement
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES285678
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Vietnam is Russia’s closest partner in South-east Asia and has refused to criticise Moscow over the Ukraine war. Between 2000 and 2022, Russia accounted for more than 80% of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284520
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Most of Russia’s hydrocarbon export revenues are generated from oil now that gas sales have collapsed. Ambitious state spending plans are based on oil revenues rising this year…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284811
ISSN: 2633-304X
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However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
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BULGARIA/RUSSIA: Lukoil stops refining Russian crude
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES284099
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Tensions between opposing political forces rose last month when the government triggered impeachment proceedings against the president. Although this failed, strains between the…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283153
ISSN: 2633-304X
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China has provided low-key economic support for Russia so far, but overt military support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has not been forthcoming. Beijing has also resisted…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282676
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the opening ceremony by video link, hailing the “irresistible” trend towards multipolarity and economic globalisation. The forum discussed…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280576
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The same month, Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliyev said Russia was willing to accept reduced rates for its gas. The two announcements follow an intense diplomatic game…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB278988
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The war delivered a shock to Europe’s post-Cold War order -- its security, peace and stability. Economically, it marks a turn in global trade relations, supply chains and energy…