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1 – 10 of 55Unprecedented Western sanctions have pushed Russia to seek new bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). Moscow is moving fast to create a wide network of agreements with emerging…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283317
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the opening ceremony by video link, hailing the “irresistible” trend towards multipolarity and economic globalisation. The forum discussed…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB280576
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Unlike the EU, the EEU is dominated by one state, Russia, which created it to exert power over former Soviet territories and which makes and breaks the rules. Moscow now wants to…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272496
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Business relocations may provide a modest boost to Kazakhstan's hopes of diversifying its hydrocarbons-based economy and reducing reliance on Russia. For the moment, it needs…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB272387
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Kazakhstan's economy is coming out of a period of subdued growth. An improved external environment, increased oil production and the delayed impacts of past fiscal spending are…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB224280
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia has long had ambitions to invest the EEU with political as well as economic function, but Kazakhstan has resisted this strongly. The Kazakh authorities still see the EEU as…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB262077
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russia's economic problems caused by the low price of oil and to a lesser extent Western sanctions are a challenge for Kazakhstan and the four other Central Asian states. In its…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB209755
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Challenges facing Kazakhstan under a new president.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB245197
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Vaccination, procurement and limited local production are in train but face many systemic obstacles. One state, Turkmenistan, claims it has never had a COVID-19 case, while…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB259919
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Prospects Belt and Road in Central Asia.