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Expert briefing
Publication date: 13 June 2023

The minister also visited the Syrian embassy in Riyadh, which is preparing to reopen. Damascus aims to highlight another example of the Arab return to ‘business as usual’ with…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 6 September 2022

Turkey has dropped its insistence on regime change in Syria as it seeks to defuse a domestic crisis over Syrian refugees and to contain Kurdish aspirations. Normalisation could…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 28 February 2022

Simultaneous presidential and parliamentary elections are due by mid-2023 at the latest. Opinion polls suggest that support for Erdogan and his Justice and Development Party are…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 15 July 2019

Sanctions are triggered under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA) by Turkey’s acquisition of two Russian S-400 air defence systems. Russia began…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 26 June 2020

The PYD controls the US-backed Kurdish-led administration in north-east Syria. It was the target of an October 2019 invasion by Turkey, which equates it with its own rebel…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 18 March 2020

International calls by aid groups for Washington to ease sanctions on Iran and to allow greater sales of goods to it, to help stem COVID-19, are growing. Under US law, countries…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 1 November 2018

Prospects for Russian foreign policy in 2019.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 June 2019

Prospects for Russian politics to end-2019.

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