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The EU will encounter obstacles in the South Caucasus

Location:

CAUCASUS

This follows years of the region being regarded as of peripheral interest to Brussels. Nonetheless, relations have not always been smooth.

Turkey-Turkmen-Iranian gas swap could move quickly

Location:

TURKEY/TURKMENISTAN

Europe is increasingly interested in accessing large Turkmen gas reserves, potentially via Turkey, which has reached agreements with Turkmenistan on possible swap deals via Iran…

Turkey will claim larger share of Balkan gas markets

Location:

BULGARIA/TURKEY/BALKANS

Turkish state-owned utility BOTAS has a supply contract with Bulgargaz which also includes access to the Bulgarian grid. It is in position to resell Russian gas to customers in…

CIS economic group will help Russia weather sanctions

Location:

CIS

Chinese President Xi Jinping addressed the opening ceremony by video link, hailing the “irresistible” trend towards multipolarity and economic globalisation. The forum discussed…

Limits to Russia’s ties with Turkey will persist

Location:

RUSSIA

Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…

The EU’s phase-out of Russian gas is not guaranteed

Location:

EU

This is the trajectory followed by the majority of member states. However, blockages remain in east-central Europe, where Turkey could play a role in maintaining direct or…

Kazakhstan will struggle to boost oil output

Location:

KAZAKHSTAN

Astana's aspirations to reach 2 million b/d have been set back by difficulties in raising output at major fields. Government efforts to diversify the economy away from…

China-Central Asia relations will deepen

Location:

CENTRAL ASIA/CHINA

Beijing values Central Asia as an important partner as its global rivalry with the United States escalates on the one hand and Russia’s regional role weakens on the other. Central…