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Expert briefing
Publication date: 14 April 2023

A series of Black Sea connectivity projects is a promising development for both the South Caucasus and the EU. Georgian electricity exports could play a part in reducing European…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 13 January 2020

With TurkStream, Russia has opened a new export route to the EU through South-eastern Europe under the Black Sea: Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia are receiving Russian gas…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 27 March 2023

Turkmen leaders rarely visit foreign countries. The visit to Beijing aimed at securing Chinese commitment to completing a new natural gas pipeline through Tajikistan and…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 12 May 2023

The same month, Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliyev said Russia was willing to accept reduced rates for its gas. The two announcements follow an intense diplomatic game…

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