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Expert briefing
Publication date: 8 August 2022

Energy exports have been Russia’s potent weapon against Europe since the Ukraine war began. When NS1 closed for maintenance in July, fears mounted that flows would not resume…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 23 September 2022

Flows resumed within days, but the sudden cut-off -- ascribed to overdue transit payments -- highlights Central Europe’s dependence on Russian oil imports and the difficulty of…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 9 May 2024

Speaking on the occasion, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said that, over the past 20 years, the promise of stability and prosperity has been fulfilled…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 26 July 2019

Central-East European economies’ resilience in an adverse global climate.

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