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Expert briefing
Publication date: 30 November 2023

During his meeting with his Kazakh counterpart Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Astana, Putin called the two countries “not just allies, but very close allies”. A month earlier, Putin had…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 16 April 2024

Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 December 2018

This follows President Donald Trump's surprise decision to withdraw troops from Syria, where Washington has been supporting the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) in…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 23 August 2023

However, doubts have arisen over the durability of their partnership, especially given delays in the delivery of the Su-35 Flanker jets that Iran was set to receive from Russia…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 January 2021

They have backed opposing sides in the Syrian and Libyan conflicts and pursued different objectives there and in Nagorno-Karabakh, in the hope that conflict trends would benefit…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 30 May 2024

The visit followed Moscow’s decision to pull out its last remaining troops from Nagorno-Karabakh before the expiration of their peacekeeping mandate. This reflects the Kremlin’s…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 27 September 2023

The rapid defeat of ethnic Armenian forces exposed the weakness of Russian security guarantees. Yerevan had already expressed dissatisfaction with Moscow's diminishing ability to…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 March 2016

President Barack Obama has drawn criticism from traditional US allies over a series of interviews with Jeffrey Goldberg of The Atlantic magazine entitled 'The Obama Doctrine', in…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 18 July 2018

Turkey’s new presidential system.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 11 September 2023

The summit focused on EU enlargement, with European Commission and Council Presidents Ursula von der Leyen and Charles Michel present too. Having gone through a period of…

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