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Additional EU taxes on carbon-intensive energy and other products could cost Russian industry up to EUR50bn (USD59bn) before 2030. With some corporate exceptions, Russia's…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB256793
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
This is still tentative planning but it indicates the Kremlin is being spurred into action by looming curbs on high-carbon products in China and the EU, Russia's key export…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB263478
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Ukraine's current arrangements with Russia on gas imports and transit to Europe end in December, and a replacement deal is looking unlikely. Ukraine, Russia and the EU each have…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB244114
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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This has been manifested across a number of policy areas including sanctions, immigration and the export of arms. However, maintaining such unity will become more challenging as…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB268579
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Hungary’s policy towards Ukraine can appear out of step with the EU mainstream; it opposed the terms of the EU’s sixth package of sanctions against Russia. However, Budapest’s…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB271001
ISSN: 2633-304X
Keywords
Geographic
Topical
The EU seeks to improve connectivity among its members and partners in South-eastern Europe, with added impetus since the invasion of Ukraine. Improved cross-border connections…