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Expert briefing
Publication date: 8 August 2022

Energy exports have been Russia’s potent weapon against Europe since the Ukraine war began. When NS1 closed for maintenance in July, fears mounted that flows would not resume…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 18 May 2022

Berlin believes China has played an enabling role in Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, while the war has exposed the risks of European economic dependency on authoritarian countries…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 16 November 2022

Pressures on Germany to reform its economic model.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 30 May 2024

Germany’s trade and supply-chain dependence on China, and its sizeable corporate investments in the country, are at odds with pressure from both Brussels and Washington to take a…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 20 July 2023

The strategy is an attempt to define a more coherent approach towards China, taking into account changes in China’s foreign and domestic policies. While being strongly critical of…

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