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Expert briefing
Publication date: 4 June 2024

Issues such as soaring inflation, currency depreciation and debt repayment problems are having a major impact on the economy. The World Bank estimates that GDP grew by 3.7% in…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 9 September 2020

Overall, some 30% of the budget will involve climate-related spending. One of the key reforms concerns the EU’s own resources mechanism to finance spending, with plans to…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 May 2023

Shamkhani raised the issue of reactivating the ‘rupee-rial’ mechanism to boost bilateral trade, which has fallen sharply since 2018-19. The visit came at a time when Iran has…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 June 2023

Iran perceives that it has become isolated in the South Caucasus, as a result of changing geopolitical relations over the past three years. Israel has increased its presence…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 April 2016

The climate pact sets forward an ambitious vision of global climate governance, with significant implications for policymakers and investors, but the Paris Agreement will now move…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 30 May 2022

Bilateral relations with China have grown significantly in the last 20 years, with China's role now similar to that of the United Kingdom in the late 19th century: it holds key…

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