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Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 April 2024

The war in Ukraine, Western sanctions and the redirection of external trade away from Europe towards new partners all required a surge in investment. The bulk of new investment…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 3 December 2021

Official spending on defence and security for 2022 is up by about 22% year-on-year. This does not include extrabudgetary resources which are kept secret even from lawmakers. The…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 December 2020

President Donald Trump announced on December 10 that Washington would recognise Rabat’s claims over Western Sahara (the UN considers it a non-self-governing territory) in exchange…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 December 2020

The 2021 presidential programme forecast domestic content in defence projects reaching 71% and arms exports tripling to USD6.2bn. However, that was before Washington banned export…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 17 April 2024

A major milestone was showcased in February, as KAAN, the country’s first domestically produced fifth-generation combat aircraft, made its maiden flight. The aircraft is equipped…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 1 April 2020

From US contractors in Iraq and Russian mercenary groups in Syria, to Gulf states’ ‘foreign legions’ in Yemen and multiple Iranian proxy militias, national armies no longer…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 December 2022

Ankara’s defence sector has strengthened over the past decade, boosting arms exports, although its military is still the main buyer. However, the sector is dependent on Western…

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