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1 – 10 of 43Both sides vowed to coordinate their responses to what they describe as a US-led policy ‘dual containment’ directed at Moscow and Beijing, strengthening the impression of a united…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB287126
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This is the trajectory followed by the majority of member states. However, blockages remain in east-central Europe, where Turkey could play a role in maintaining direct or…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286400
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Modestly increased gas exports to China have offset only a fraction of the lost business in Europe. The United States last year imposed sanctions on the flagship Arctic-2 LNG…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB284845
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Tokayev has also criticised regional officials for relying excessively on budgetary funding and not doing enough to attract private capital. However, structural economic and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285674
ISSN: 2633-304X
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However, although output has grown, a tight labour market and persistent inflation have created new problems. The reorientation of trade away from Europe has resulted in a…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285374
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This follows years of the region being regarded as of peripheral interest to Brussels. Nonetheless, relations have not always been smooth.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285060
ISSN: 2633-304X
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In late January, Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev paid a state visit to China to seek greater investment and trade opportunities. Mirziyoyev’s visit is the culmination of years…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB285921
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Unprecedented Western sanctions have pushed Russia to seek new bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs). Moscow is moving fast to create a wide network of agreements with emerging…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283317
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Astana's aspirations to reach 2 million b/d have been set back by difficulties in raising output at major fields. Government efforts to diversify the economy away from…