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This study aims to identify Critical Success Factors (CSFs) for tourism route development and proposes a tailored conceptual model. It addresses a comprehensive range of tourism routes, considering their respective goals and performance.

The authors applied a qualitative approach to investigate five tourism routes, interviewing 31 current and former members and examining secondary data from organisational documents. A conceptual model was developed through content analysis of transcripts and secondary data.

Based on the identified CSFs, the model is organised into six components: Product, Goals, Resources, Governance, Activities and Performance assessment.

The study analyses various tourism routes concerning their products, implementation levels, goals, performance and perceived success.

Most respondents are public authorities from European countries. Besides, consideration should be given to developing quantitative research to validate the derived theory.

The model may facilitate participants in enhancing and developing tourism routes, thereby contributing to achieving sustainable development goals related to rural-urban connections and tourism partnerships.

The development of tourism routes is expected to impact socio-economic development in rural/peripheral areas positively.

本研究旨在确定旅游线路开发的关键成功因素 (CSFs), 并提出量身定制的概念模型。本文提出了一系列旅游线路, 考虑了各自的目标和绩效。

我们采用定性方法探究了五条旅游线路, 采访了 31 名现任和前任成员, 并检查了组织文件中的二手数据。通过对记录和二手数据的内容分析, 开发了一个概念模型。

根据识别的关键成功要素, 该模型分为六个部分：产品、目标、资源、治理、活动和绩效评估。

本研究分析了各种旅游线路的产品、实施水平、目标、绩效和感知成功。

大多数受访者是来自欧洲国家的公共当局。此外, 还应考虑开展定量研究来验证所得出的理论。

该模型可帮助参与者改善和发展旅游路线, 从而有助于实现与城乡联系和旅游伙伴关系相关的可持续发展目标。

旅游路线的发展预计将对农村/边缘地区的社会经济发展产生积极影响。

Esta investigación se centra en diversas tipologías de rutas turísticas, buscando identificar Factores Críticos de Éxito (FCE) y proporcionar un modelo conceptual adaptado.

Aplicamos un enfoque cualitativo para investigar cinco rutas turísticas. Entrevistamos a 31 miembros y examinamos datos secundarios de documentos organizativos. Se desarrolló un modelo conceptual mediante el análisis de contenido de transcripciones y datos secundarios.

Basado en los FCE identificados, el modelo está organizado en seis componentes: Producto, Objetivos, Recursos, Gobernanza, Actividades y Evaluación del desempeño.

El estudio analiza diversas rutas turísticas en relación con sus productos, ubicaciones y nivel de implementación, así como los objetivos, rendimiento y éxitos percibidos de los involucrados.

La mayoría de los encuestados son autoridades públicas de países europeos. Se debe considerar el desarrollo de investigaciones cuantitativas para validar la teoría derivada de este estudio.

El modelo puede potencialmente ayudar a los participantes a mejorar y desarrollar rutas turísticas, contribuyendo así a lograr los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible relacionados con las conexiones rural-urbanas y las asociaciones turísticas.

Se espera que el desarrollo de rutas turísticas tenga un impacto positivo en el desarrollo socioeconómico en áreas rurales/periféricas.

In many cases it is not appropriate to utilise a system of daily route scheduling. This paper looks at the situation where a fixed route system is required and the demand characteristics of the customers must be matched to the system.

Order picking, the assembly of a customer’s order from items in storage, is an essential link in the supply chain and is the major cost component of warehousing. The critical issue is to simultaneously reduce the cost and increase the speed of the order picking activity. The main objectives are to: evaluate various routeing policies in a random storage environment; evaluate the impact of warehouse shape and pick‐up/drop‐off location; and examine the interaction of the routeing policies, warehouse shape, and pick‐up/drop‐off location under different pick list sizes. The experimental results clearly indicate that the optimal routeing procedure generates significantly shorter routes than heuristic methods. The composite and largest gap routeing policies are, however, significantly better than simpler heuristic procedures. Further testing, in addition, indicates that the shape of the warehouse and the location of the pick‐up/drop‐off point can affect the picking efficiency.

A lot of recent research has been focused on developing network mobility management to support the movement of a mobile network consisting of several mobile nodes. The IETF NEMO working group proposed the NEMO basic support protocol that defines a methodology for supporting such network mobility using bi‐directional tunneling between the home agent and the mobile router. However, this protocol has been found to suffer from the so‐called ‘dog‐leg problem’, and despite alternative research efforts to solve this problem, there are still limitations in the efficiency of real time data transmission and intra‐domain communication. Accordingly, the current paper proposes a new route optimization methodology that uses unidirectional tunneling and a tree‐based intra‐domain routing mechanism. As such, the proposed scheme can provide faster signaling and data transmission and be easily extended to support micro‐mobility without any additional extensions. The performance of the proposed scheme is also evaluated to demonstrate its efficiency.

The purpose of this paper is to provide the method and system to conduct online measurement and the characterization of temperature during printed circuit board (PCB) routing process as well as the optimization of router design based on the investigation of routing temperature.

The background of this research is introduced first. Then the method to measure the routing temperature on-line by using an infrared camera is presented. The routing process is characterized by investigating the routing temperature. Tool design optimization is conducted based on the temperature in processing PCB with aluminum substrate. Finally the concluding remarks of this research are presented.

The routing temperature can be accurately measured by an infrared camera. Routing temperature is sensitive to properties of PCB, types of router and routing parameters. Very high temperature is experienced if non-appropriate routers are used to process board with aluminum substrate. It is demonstrated by the experiments that two fluted tool, three fluted tool and coated tool with three flutes are suitable for aluminum substrate processing by considering the low temperature and the nice surface finish.

The paper highlights the key points to measure the routing temperature on-line by an infrared camera and characterize the routing process and optimize the tool design by investigating the measured temperature as well.

Order picking, the activity by which a number of goods are retrieved from a warehousing system to satisfy a number of customer orders, is an essential link in the supply chain and is the major cost component of warehousing. The critical issue is to simultaneously reduce the cost and increase the speed of the order picking activity. The main objectives of this paper are: evaluate various routing heuristics and an optimal routine in a volume‐based and random storage environment; compare the performance of volume‐based storage to random storage; and examine the impact of travel speed and picking rates on routing and storage policy performance. The experimental results show the solution gap between routing heuristics and optimal routing is highly dependent on the travel speed and picking rate, the storage policy, and the size of the pick list. In addition, volume‐based storage produced significant savings over random storage, but again these savings are dependent on the travel speed and picking rate.

The main objective of this paper is to introduce the development of a novel feature recognition system for escape route planning. The genetic algorithm (GA) can be a useful tool in solving route planning problems.

A computer‐aided design (CAD) system is proposed to help to predict the best escape route. The system is based on a feature recognition process, which will scan a CAD drawing to determine the centroid points of corridors, and determine the best escape route with the help of GA.

The feature recognition system provides a quick method of determining the available pathways for use in escape route planning.

Factors such as multiple story buildings, number of occupants, or fire spread are not considered. Thus the system will be useful in the initial stages of escape route planning.

The system is limited to perpendicular walls, which should be of the same thickness. Doorways should also be a constant size. Thus the system will be useful in determining where escape routes exist, and attempt to determine the best route based on that information.

This paper shows how legacy drawings from various CAD systems may be reused to plan escape routes, rather than creating new drawings for the same purpose. This is useful to those in escape route planning, since the redrawing of plans using custom software is inefficient.

Increasingly, companies are looking for more efficient ways of distributing their goods and are turning to Computer‐assisted Vehicle Routeing Systems (CAVRS) to replace manual routeing systems. The aim of CAVRS is to reduce the cost of distribution without adversely affecting service. A framework of criteria developed to evaluate CAVRS packages is described, based on the proposed characteristics of an “ideal” CAVRS. The criteria represent the most important aspects that should be considered by potential users when selecting a package.