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A lot of recent research has been focused on developing network mobility management to support the movement of a mobile network consisting of several mobile nodes. The IETF NEMO working group proposed the NEMO basic support protocol that defines a methodology for supporting such network mobility using bi‐directional tunneling between the home agent and the mobile router. However, this protocol has been found to suffer from the so‐called ‘dog‐leg problem’, and despite alternative research efforts to solve this problem, there are still limitations in the efficiency of real time data transmission and intra‐domain communication. Accordingly, the current paper proposes a new route optimization methodology that uses unidirectional tunneling and a tree‐based intra‐domain routing mechanism. As such, the proposed scheme can provide faster signaling and data transmission and be easily extended to support micro‐mobility without any additional extensions. The performance of the proposed scheme is also evaluated to demonstrate its efficiency.

The purpose of this piece is to look at religious mobilities through their micro-cosmological particulars, using Afro-Cuban religious processes and espiritismo cruzado as case studies.

The author asks, first, what technology is in this context, and how it circumscribes what emerges as cosmology (persons, deities and messages), and second, what knowledge is and how it is experienced, particularly in espiritista rituals.

The author argues that we must reconceive of both, which in the Cuban case, defy common sense assumptions that divide message from transmitter, and knowledge from knower.

Technology here can be cosmogonic (world building) rather than mediatic (serving as a medium), and knowledge, ever emergent, can be the spirit (muerto) as well as the messages it brings.

This chapter focusses on the use of immobility policies and practices in the Asia-Pacific nations of East and South East Asia, Australia and New Zealand to respond to COVID-19 across 2020–2021. Concepts from the field of mobilities studies are adopted for analysis. Transport system managers in the region have increasingly played roles either limiting movement, adjusting transport supply, creating proscribed ‘mobilities passageways’ for travellers that present COVID-risk, and encouraging or mandating passenger compliance with other pandemic measures. The series of immobility policies and practices used at the international, intra-national and local scales are analysed. Transport agency responses differed greatly including whether to retain levels of public transport supply or reduce them in line with falling patronage. A summary of known travel behaviour impacts is then discussed, using available data from government travel portals, and, for Shanghai, Brisbane and Hong Kong, a range of road volumes, public transport boardings, micro-mobility, bicycle and pedestrian counts. There are indications that a series of socio-technical transitions have occurred, such as increased work-from-home, new social practices around walking, increased demands for roads to provide place functions (as opposed to movement functions) and the role of cycling and micro-mobility as liberating technologies in a world of increased control and fear of contagion. Transport agencies have harnessed some of these changes in attitudes and societal needs, using radical institutional responses such as pop-up bike lane trials and other ‘tactical urbanism’ approaches, to adapt their cities to life during and after the pandemic.

Mobility management for single‐hop cellular networks has received much research attention in the last few years. One of the research challenges for 4G wireless systems is the design of mobility management techniques that integrate cellular and ad‐hoc networks. Currently, there are no structured mobility management schemes for these heterogeneous multi‐hop networks. This paper aims to address these issues.

This paper describes techniques for tracking a mobile node (MN) in an integrated architecture with minimum overhead. This paper proposes group rerouting concept.

The paper implements and evaluates the proposed protocol by using the network simulator (NS‐2). The proposed protocol increases performance compared to broadcasting schemes.

This scheme considers devices with two interfaces only.

The paper proposes a scheme to extend the coverage of cellular base stations by using ad‐hoc devices.

This paper describes techniques for tracking an MN in an integrated architecture with minimum overhead. This scheme is independent of the routing protocol used in a multi‐hop network.

This paper proposes a new Heterogeneous Multi‐hop Cellular IP (MCIP) network that integrates multi‐hop communication with Cellular IP. MCIP increases the coverage of the wireless network and improves the network robustness against adverse propagation phenomena by supporting communication in dead zones and areas with poor radio coverage. MCIP includes three components: location management, connection management and route reconfiguration. Location management is responsible for maintaining the location information for Mobile Stations (MSs) in a local domain. Connection management establishes an initial path for data transmission and a route reconfiguration mechanism is proposed to take advantage of various multi‐hop connection alternatives available based on terminal interfaces, network accessibility and topology. Our simulation results show that MCIP performs well in networks of various sizes including scalability, throughput, and packet delay.

Shrinking population can have significant negative impacts on the social and economic fabric of a city. This paper aims to understand different urban transportation policies to respond to population decline in shrinking cities by examining two case studies of urban interventions in mid-size cities in Japan.

The paper analyzes the implementation of sustainable mobility strategies in the urban transport sector in the Japanese cities of Toyama and Kanazawa, which risk having their populations significantly reduced in the next decades. The analysis is based on case study research that uses the data and information collected through desk and field research. Interviews with local actors, as well as published policy and academic documents on the case studies provided critical data and information to analyze the case studies.

Both cities have tried to make urban mobility more sustainable via different strategies. Toyama used more structural changes, called the “sticks and dumplings” approach, having land use incentives and the Light Rail Transit reinforced by bus routes as the backbone of its strategy. Kanazawa relied on a city center revitalization plan to densify residential use in the city center.

More structural interventions are necessary to change the declining of shrinking cities, mitigating some of the negative effects. City administrations need to have clear policy priorities and should not allocate their limited resources to competing policy agendas.

The study is unique as it is one of the first efforts to analyze urban transportation interventions in shrinking cities in Japan.