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1 – 10 of over 2000
Book part
Publication date: 4 April 2016

Stefano Fenoaltea

This paper presents the second-generation estimates for the Italian engineering industry in 1911, a year documented both by the customary demographic census, and the first…

Abstract

This paper presents the second-generation estimates for the Italian engineering industry in 1911, a year documented both by the customary demographic census, and the first industrial census. The first part of this paper uses the census data to estimate the industry’s value added, sector by sector; the second further disaggregates each sector by activity, and estimates the value added, employment, physical product, and metal consumption of each one. A third, concluding section dwells on the dependence of cross-section estimates on time-series evidence. Three appendices detail the specific algorithms that generate the present estimates; a fourth, a useful sample of firm-specific data.

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Research in Economic History
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-276-7

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Book part
Publication date: 1 July 2004

Roger D. Blair and Jill Boylston Herndon

In United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corp., United Shoe Machinery (USM) was found guilty of illegal monopolization due to its leasing practices. Existing scholarship on this…

Abstract

In United States v. United Shoe Machinery Corp., United Shoe Machinery (USM) was found guilty of illegal monopolization due to its leasing practices. Existing scholarship on this case largely focuses on the issue of leasing versus selling. In this article, we provide a more comprehensive analysis of this important decision. In addition, we examine USM’s antitrust experience before and after the famous 1953 case. We find that USM’s business practices were largely procompetitive and, therefore, did not warrant condemnation.

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Antitrust Law and Economics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-115-6

Book part
Publication date: 22 April 2015

Barbara Pistoresi and Alberto Rinaldi

Relying on a new dataset, this paper examines the genesis of current account fluctuations and the investment cycle in Italy. We perform a Granger causality test that shows that…

Abstract

Relying on a new dataset, this paper examines the genesis of current account fluctuations and the investment cycle in Italy. We perform a Granger causality test that shows that the persistent current account deficits in the years from unification to World War I were generated by variations in capital inflows, as hypothesized by Fenoaltea, and not by the dynamics of GDP, as in the Bonelli–Cafagna model. Finally, we show that these capital inflows prompted an industrial investment cycle in equipment and machinery but not – as claimed by Fenoaltea (1988) – a general investment cycle which included also construction and more volatile components of investment. These patterns held under both fixed and floating exchange rate regimes.

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Research in Economic History
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-782-6

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Book part
Publication date: 6 April 2021

Kenan Demir

The European states, which started the industrial revolution by making use of mechanical power, provided their agricultural development by producing new technology tools that will…

Abstract

The European states, which started the industrial revolution by making use of mechanical power, provided their agricultural development by producing new technology tools that will increase the production in the agricultural sector. The Ottoman Empire made many attempts to increase agricultural sector in the nineteenth century and implemented policies to increase production. In this direction, primitive agricultural tools were changed, and many encouraging steps were taken to adopt and spread modern technology in the country. As a result of the policies made, since the second half of the nineteenth century, the use of modern technology has increased in the provinces such as İzmir, Edirne and Adana and then in Konya and Ankara, since the railways reached the interior. Increasing accessibility to international markets with the development of commercial agriculture and railway construction are also important factors that encourage the use of machinery. When the use of machinery increased in the twentieth century, many machine companies opened dealers in the country and attempted to reach the inner parts of the country. With the increase in the use of modern agricultural technology, agricultural production has increased and provided significant benefits to the labor problem, especially in regions where commercial agriculture has developed. The effect of modern technology on the increase in production can be seen in the agricultural numbers in 1909–1914. When the agricultural census is taken into consideration, although the production areas did not increase, the production amount increased. However, the contribution of modern agricultural technology to production was still somewhat limited. The reason for this is that due to the high prices of agricultural machinery, small farm owners cannot supply these machines.

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Strategic Outlook in Business and Finance Innovation: Multidimensional Policies for Emerging Economies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-445-5

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Book part
Publication date: 16 November 2006

Harald Edquist and Magnus Henrekson

This study consists of an examination of productivity growth following three major technological breakthroughs: the steam power revolution, electrification and the ICT revolution…

Abstract

This study consists of an examination of productivity growth following three major technological breakthroughs: the steam power revolution, electrification and the ICT revolution. The distinction between sectors producing and sectors using the new technology is emphasized. A major finding for all breakthroughs is that there is a long lag from the time of the original invention until a substantial increase in the rate of productivity growth can be observed. There is also strong evidence of rapid price decreases for steam engines, electricity, electric motors and ICT products. However, there is no persuasive direct evidence that the steam engine producing industry and electric machinery had particularly high productivity growth rates. For the ICT revolution the highest productivity growth rates are found in the ICT-producing industries. We suggest that one explanation could be that hedonic price indexes are not used for the steam engine and the electric motor. Still, it is likely that the rate of technological development has been much more rapid during the ICT revolution compared to any of the previous breakthroughs.

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Research in Economic History
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-344-0

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Patent Activity and Technical Change in US Industries
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44451-858-3

Book part
Publication date: 21 July 2004

Richard J Palmer and Henry H Davis

As manufacturers continue to increase their level of automation, the issue of how to allocate machinery costs to products becomes increasingly important to product profitability…

Abstract

As manufacturers continue to increase their level of automation, the issue of how to allocate machinery costs to products becomes increasingly important to product profitability. If machine costs are allocated to products on a basis that is incongruent with the realities of machine use, then income and product profitability will be distorted. Adding complexity to the dilemma of identifying an appropriate method of allocating machine costs to products is the changing nature of machinery itself. Depreciation concepts were formulated in days when a machine typically automated a single operation on a product. Today’s collections of computer numerically controlled machines can perform a wide variety of operations on products. Different products utilize different machine capabilities which, depending on the function used, put greater or less wear and tear on the equipment. This paper presents a mini-case that requires management accountants to consider alternative machine cost allocation methods. The implementation of an activity-based method allows managers to better match machine cost consumption to products. Better matching of machine costs to products enables better strategic decisions about pricing, mix, customer retention, capacity utilization, and equipment acquisition.

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Advances in Management Accounting
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-118-7

Book part
Publication date: 1 July 2004

Robert W Crandall and Kenneth G Elzinga

While the popular image of the Sherman Act is that of a “trust-busting” statute, conduct remedies have been more common than structural relief. This paper evaluates the effect on…

Abstract

While the popular image of the Sherman Act is that of a “trust-busting” statute, conduct remedies have been more common than structural relief. This paper evaluates the effect on economic welfare of conduct remedies that have resulted from ten prominent Sherman Act monopolization cases. In general, we find that in some cases the behavioral relief has had no consequence other than the cost of litigation and cost of compliance; in other cases, the remedies probably reduced consumer welfare. Cases studied are United Shoe Machinery, AT&T, Std. Oil of California, IBM, United Fruit, Kodak, Safeway, GM, Jerrold, and Blue Chip Stamp.

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Antitrust Law and Economics
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-115-6

Book part
Publication date: 11 August 2022

Yasmin Ibrahim

The burnt-out Grenfell tower is a symbol of trauma and sacrificed lives. The brutalist block as a technology of trauma, viewed through its mediated depictions, reveals its…

Abstract

The burnt-out Grenfell tower is a symbol of trauma and sacrificed lives. The brutalist block as a technology of trauma, viewed through its mediated depictions, reveals its condemned predicament between slippages in bureaucracy and governance. Through the formal enquiry into the disaster, the Grenfell victims' trauma is revived, replayed and contained within an archive in which victimhood is captured in a number of stages. The charred remains of the tower as a chronotrope of trauma and of lives cut short yields readings into the politics of social housing, gentrification and social displacement. The testimonials from Grenfell are temporally elongated both through the public review but also in the traces of victims' narratives left on social media in real time through flesh witnessing and as an online repository of death narratives. As a tower of trauma and as the forensic evidence of a disaster, Grenfell is part of the iconography of the ‘blackened’ and their necroaesthetics.

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Technologies of Trauma
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-135-8

Abstract

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Histories of Economic Thought
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76230-997-9

1 – 10 of over 2000