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1 – 10 of over 22000G. Mora, G. Mora‐Porta and J.M. Sepulcre
This paper aims to introduce a new class of entire functions whose zeros (zk)k≥1 satisfy ∑k=1∞Im zk=O(1).
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to introduce a new class of entire functions whose zeros (zk)k≥1 satisfy ∑k=1∞Im zk=O(1).
Design/methodology/approach
This is done by means of a Ritt's formula which is used to prove that every partial sum of the Riemann Zeta function, ζn(z):=∑k=1n1/kz, n≥2, has zeros (snk)k≥1 verifying ∑k=1∞Re snk=O(1) and extending this property to a large class of entire functions denoted by AO.
Findings
It is found that this new class AO has a part in common with the class A introduced by Levin but is distinct from it. It is shown that, in particular, AO contains every partial sum of the Riemann Zeta function ζn(iz) and every finite truncation of the alternating Dirichlet series expansion of the Riemann zeta function, Tn(iz):=∑k=1n(−1)k−1/kiz, for all n≥2.
Practical implications
With the exception of the n=2 case, numerical experiences show that all zeros of ζn(z) and Tn(z) are not symmetrically distributed around the imaginary axis. However, the fact consisting of every function ζn(iz) and Tn(iz) to be in the class AO implies the existence of a very precise physical equilibrium between the zeros situated on the left half‐plane and the zeros situated on the right half‐plane of each function. This is a relevant fact and it points out that there is certain internal rule that distributes the zeros of ζn(z) and Tn(z) in such a way that few zeros on the left of the imaginary axis and far away from it, must be compensated with a lot of zeros on the right of the imaginary axis and close to it, and vice versa.
Originality/value
The paper presents an original class of entire functions that provides a new point of view to study the approximants and the alternating Dirichlet truncations of the Riemann zeta function.
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1.1. Logical Necessity of the Three Dimensions as a Unit of Thought The mathematician does not look kindly on the simple question of why natural space should consist of precisely…
Abstract
1.1. Logical Necessity of the Three Dimensions as a Unit of Thought The mathematician does not look kindly on the simple question of why natural space should consist of precisely three dimensions. Instead of giving an answer he assumes a silent smile and shows us a version of space with an infinity of dimensions, as if space were some kind of toy for him to fiddle with to his heart's content.
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how game theoretic solution concepts inform what classes of problems will be amenable to artificial intelligence and machine learning…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how game theoretic solution concepts inform what classes of problems will be amenable to artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML), and how to evolve the interaction between human and artificial intelligence.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach addresses the development of operational gaming to support planning and decision making. It then provides a succinct summary of game theory for those designing and using games, with an emphasis on information conditions and solution concepts. It addresses how experimentation demonstrates where human decisions differ from game theoretic solution concepts and how games have been used to develop AI/ML. It concludes by suggesting what classes of problems will be amenable to AI/ML, and which will not. It goes on to propose a method for evolving human/artificial intelligence.
Findings
Game theoretic solution concepts inform classes of problems where AI/ML 'solutions' will be suspect. The complexity of the subject requires a campaign of learning.
Originality/value
Though games have been essential to the development of AI/ML, practitioners have yet to employ game theory to understand its limitations.
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Jill Allen, Jessi L. Smith and Lynda B. Ransdell
As universities grapple with broadening participation of women in science, many ADVANCE funded institutions hone in on transforming search committee practices to better consider…
Abstract
Purpose
As universities grapple with broadening participation of women in science, many ADVANCE funded institutions hone in on transforming search committee practices to better consider dual-career partners and affirmative action hires (“opportunity hires”). To date, there is a lack of empirical research on the consequences and processes underlying such a focus. The purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how two ADVANCE-recommended hiring practices, dual-career hiring and affirmative action hiring, help or hinder women’s participation in academic science.
Design/methodology/approach
In two experiments, the authors tested what happens to a science candidate’s evaluation and offer when that candidate reveals he or she has a dual-career partner (vs is a solo-candidate, Experiment 1) or if it is revealed that the candidate under review is the dual-hire partner or is a target of opportunity hire (vs primary candidate, Experiment 2). A random US national sample of academic scientists provided anonymous external recommendations to an ostensible faculty search committee.
Findings
Evaluators supported the job offer to a primary candidate requiring a heterosexual partner accommodation. This good news, however, was offset by the results of Experiment 2, which showed that support for the partner or affirmative action candidate depended on the evaluator’s gender. Taken together, the research identifies important personal and contextual features that sometimes do – and sometimes do not – impact hiring perceptions of women in science.
Originality/value
The authors believe the effects of such an emphasis on opportunity hires within ADVANCE funded institutions may be considerable and inform changes to policies and practices that help bring about gender equality.
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Christopher J. Meyer, Blaine McCormick, Aimee Clement, Rachel Woods and Chuck Fifield
This paper aims to focus on a little studied but important type of conflict, zero‐sum situations. These conflicts are less likely to take place than those in which participants…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on a little studied but important type of conflict, zero‐sum situations. These conflicts are less likely to take place than those in which participants can come to an integrative agreement, but knowing how to best strategize for zero‐sum conflicts can lead to better outcomes in these situations.
Design/methodology/approach
Participants in the study utilized two specific strategies – purposive or contingent – in a rock‐paper‐scissors elimination tournament. The use of the strategy and the outcome were measured in a controlled setting.
Findings
Results demonstrate that using a strategy in a win‐lose conflict situation significantly predicts success. Further, competitive individuals are more likely to utilize strategies than other personality types.
Originality/value
This paper builds on the theory that individuals in conflict situations have preferences, pursue goals, and behave purposefully. In particular, the paper studies the antecedents to strategies employed in a conflict situation and that strategy's effect on the outcome.
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Addresses the nature of the competitive advantage of the transnational corporation as an institutional form versus alternative forms of economic organization. It is argued that an…
Abstract
Addresses the nature of the competitive advantage of the transnational corporation as an institutional form versus alternative forms of economic organization. It is argued that an important – and undertheorized – source of the TNC’s institutional superiority arises from its ability to extract rents from other significant stakeholders such as states and workers through structurally increasing bargaining power (driven by globalization) over these groups. A related issue which is considered is that of the changing sources of competitive advantage for TNCs operating in host countries and their associated distributional effects on key stakeholder groups, presented as ranging from positive‐sum to zero‐sum based on certain specific contingencies. To the extent that the particular sources of TNC competitive advantage matter in terms of their social significance, TNCs can, under certain circumstances, be understood as institutional mechanisms which exploit and extend market failures in the name of shareholder wealth rather than as agents of global allocative efficiency, thus making the question of their overall social utility contentious. Substantial public policy implications are therefore raised and briefly outlined. Some final comments are directed at the need for orthodox theories of the TNC to revisit comparative institutional and distributional considerations.
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What can and should we do as managers when our sense of personal morality is at odds with our organization's strategic thrust? There are essentially seven types of strategic…
Abstract
What can and should we do as managers when our sense of personal morality is at odds with our organization's strategic thrust? There are essentially seven types of strategic responses based on game theory, philosophy, and everyday pragmatics: Avoid thinking about it; obey; leave; conscientiously object; secretly go outside the company to the press or government; publicly go outside the company to the press or government; or negotiate and build a consensus for a change in strategic management. The seven case studies below offer examples of each of these choices.
The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners an understanding of one potentially direct linking mechanism between organizational practices and consumer…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide researchers and practitioners an understanding of one potentially direct linking mechanism between organizational practices and consumer satisfaction with a service.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is conceptual and the approach adopted is analytical. Extant research and concepts, including from psychology and economics, have been used to develop propositions and to discuss both research and managerial implications.
Findings
Provides conceptual support for a psychological dynamic or mechanism linking service employees' job autonomy and consumers' service satisfaction.
Research limitations/implications
The article provides a novel way of thinking about consumer satisfaction. A limitation of the paper is that it is conceptual. Research is required to test empirically the various research propositions. In this manner, research in this area can be furthered.
Practical implications
Further research in this area may provide more directed solutions to service quality and consumer satisfaction issues.
Originality/value
The article proposes an entirely novel way to imagine the service exchange. It moves extant research further by outlining a causal mechanism rather than correlational connections between organizational practices and consumer satisfaction.
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Ruipu Tan, Lehua Yang, Shengqun Chen and Wende Zhang
The Chinese believe that “man will conquer the sky” and “fighting with the sky brings endless joy”. Considering that disaster assessment can be regarded as a two-person, zero-sum…
Abstract
Purpose
The Chinese believe that “man will conquer the sky” and “fighting with the sky brings endless joy”. Considering that disaster assessment can be regarded as a two-person, zero-sum game problem between nature and human beings, this paper proposes a multi-attribute decision-making method based on game theory and grey theory in a single-value neutrosophic set environment. Due to the complexity and uncertainty of the decision-making environment, the method builds a decision matrix based on single-valued neutrosophic numbers.
Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors use the single-value neutrosophic information entropy to calculate the attribute weights and the weighted decision matrix. Second, the optimal mixed strategy method based on linear programming solves the optimal mixed strategy for both sides of the game so that the expected payoff matrix can be obtained. Finally, grey correlation analysis is used to obtain the closeness coefficient of each alternative based on the expectation payoff matrix to identify the ranking result of the alternative.
Findings
An example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and its rationality is verified through a comprehensive comparison and analysis of the various aspects.
Practical implications
The proposed decision-making method can be applied to typhoon disaster assessment. Such assessment results can provide intelligent decision support to the relevant disaster management departments, thereby reducing the negative impact of typhoon disasters on society, stabilizing society and improving people's happiness. Further, the method can be used for decision-making, recommendation and evaluation in other fields.
Originality/value
The proposed method uses single-value neutrosophic numbers to solve the information representation problem of decision-making in a complex environment. Under a new perspective, game theory is used to handle the decision matrix, while grey relational analysis converts inexact numbers to exact numbers for comparison and sorting. Thus, the proposed method can be used to make reasonable decisions while preserving information to the extent possible.
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The attack of September 11, 2001, demonstrated that terrorism is capable of inflicting damage and loss of life with a severity that is many multiples of the most extreme U.S…
Abstract
The attack of September 11, 2001, demonstrated that terrorism is capable of inflicting damage and loss of life with a severity that is many multiples of the most extreme U.S. natural perils. This article addresses the need for a mathematical model for evaluating terrorism risk. The author compares and contrasts terrorism risk with other forms of catastrophe risk, and identifies human intelligence and intent as the distinguishing features. The author proceeds to propose that analytical techniques developed and applied within the discipline of wartime operations research (e.g., game theory, search theory), along with specialized statistical techniques, may be adopted to practically model the risk of terrorism. The article proceeds to demonstrate how even a highly simplified model can offer useful insights to the insurance industry with regard to this risk, although access to terrorism expertise is crucial.