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Although this is a survey of research techniques, it has become increasingly apparent, as the study has progressed, that our investigation of research methods for use in tourism and travel studies, without prior consideration of the nature and scopes of tourism and travel themselves, would he inadequate. At the outset it would be imperative to distinguish three interrelated terms. These are recreation, tourism, and travel.

The references listed here should serve both as a guide to the free and inexpensive sources of tourism and travel research information and an ‘eye‐opener’ to the wealth of available data that is yours for the asking. In selecting sources of information, efforts have been made to (1) emphasize prime data, (2) list sources which can be used to locate more detailed data, and (3) keep the list brief enough to be actually read and used rather than kept in the bookshelf. Effective utilization can save hours of time and provide useful information that might otherwise be missed. Below, you will find sources in eight categories given within the constraints stated above.

The growth of tourism in our society is not a recent phenomenon that came about with the inception of the travel agent. The fact is, that tourism can be traced as far back as to at least Ancient Greece, when, in 776 B.C. visitors from Europe and the Middle East gathered at Mt. Olympus to take part in the very first Olympic Games (Young). Since that time tourism has developed into what today is an industry of major social and economie significance, and its effects range from local to international scales.

Benchmarking is recognised as an essential tool for continuous improvement of quality. A large number of publications by various authors reflect the interest in this technique. Reviews of literature on benchmarking have been done in the past by a few authors. However, considering the contributions in the recent times, a more comprehensive review is attempted here. In this paper, the authors have reviewed benchmarking literature in a way that would help researchers, academicians and practitioners to take a closer look at the growth, development and applicability of this technique. The authors have examined various papers and have proposed a different scheme of classification. In addition, certain gaps that would provide hints for further research in benchmarking have been identified.

Le tourisme peut être considéré comme un domaine relevant traditionnellement de l'économie, tandis que le domaine de la culture prend une orientation plus sociale. Cependant, même si cette différence entre les deux domaines est réelle, l'importance des liens fondamentaux qui existent entre le tourisme et la culture n'est pas négligeable, et les caractéristiques socio‐culturelles d'une région peuvent être un des aspects les plus importants de l'attrait de cette région. A l'inverse, le succès enregistré par une région au point de vue touristique peut aussi avoir des effets profonds, négatifs ou positifs, sur la vie culturelle de cette région. La présente étude a donc pour objectif d'explorer la nature et la force de principaux liens qui peuvent exister entre les phénomènes du tourisme et de la culture.

The impact of tourism on local economies has long been a concern of individual communities and of governmental agencies interested in promoting this source of local income. The magnitudes are often large and, with fluctuations, continue to increase. The development of recreational opportunities and tourist facilities is often viewed as a means of redressing disparities in regional incomes and employment, and as a major factor in national balance of payments. Indeed, some nations seem to practice a new mercantile policy of maximizing receipts from foreign tourists and minimizing the expenditures of its own nationals abroad (Barucci, 1976).

DURING arithmetic I filled an exercise book similar to the school's property one with one of the redskin stories which with my beloved verse were to bring me fame and immortality; thus—“With bursting lungs Harold strove to throw off the glistening swarthy arms that embraced him like the folds of a boa constrictor; but the redskin's strength was irresistible.” Lost in my Edward S. Ellisian forests, I did not see the Head's movements until he pounced, appropriated my masterpiece, took it to his desk, and read it while I waited for the familiar arm‐reach towards the too convenient cane, accompanied by his utterance of my name. But he read on, turned back the leaves, considered, and then called me. “No,” was all he said, “I don't think irresistible is the right word there.” I am unable to recall anything else except that there was no reference to arithmetic and no cane; but I loved him all his life after.

The purpose of this paper is to explain how intellectual capital (IC) is enacted and used in non‐profit symphony orchestras from an organisational behaviour perspective.

The paper is a nine‐month case study on two community‐based non‐profit orchestras. The method uses field observations, interviews, factor analysis, and visual models in explaining how IC is connected to organisational practices.

IC is perhaps best understood in its context to specific organisations rather than as discrete items that are allocated.

The case study is limited to non‐profit orchestras based on an organisational behaviour perspective. The results, however, invite further research into how IC is used as a resource towards strategic planning.

The study results point towards managing IC resources, given that they are grounded in actions and practices of the organisation. Questions of “how” (how is IC used?) drive the study versus questions of “what” (identification of IC).

Understanding IC as context‐dependent provides management guidance to NPO orchestras for improving volunteer participation, motivation, and meeting personal goals. It also informs boards of possible outcomes in implementing organisational change.

The hoary old problem of fiction standards is still with us, it seems, and the question of whether or not to provide what is alternatively called “the ephemeral” and “the meretricious” continues to be mooted extensively at professional meetings. Meanwhile, most of us willingly supply at least a quota of romances, thrillers and westerns for those hordes of voracious readers who are so fiercely addicted to them. We adopt a policy of appeasement, and, within certain limitations, all is well. Romances, we may tell ourselves, are not all elongated versions of stories in pulp magazines. Thrillers have a high‐brow pedigree: even people with the intellectual attainments of Bertrand Russell revel in them. And westerns—