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The effectiveness of bisquaternary ammonium salt N,N′‐Bis(dodecyldimethyl)‐3‐oxa‐1,5‐ pentanediammonium dichloride used as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.0 M HCl was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Surfaces were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the bisquaternary ammonium salt was also compared with that of urotropine, a commercial corrosion inhibitor for acid media in industry practice. The results showed good inhibiting action of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with the inhibitor concentration but is temperature–independent. N,N′‐Bis(dodecyldimethyl)‐3‐oxa‐1,5‐pentanediammonium dichloride acts mainly as a mixed‐type inhibitor. The inhibition of this bisquaternary ammonium compound was assumed to occur via adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface without affecting the corrosion mechanisms. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface in HCl solution was found to obey Frumkin's isotherm.

In this article, the elementary notions and aggregation operations of single-valued neutrosophic parameterized complex fuzzy hypersoft set (sv-NPCFHSS) are characterized initially. Then by using matrix version of sv-NPCFHSS, a decision-support system is constructed for the evaluation of real estate residential projects by observing various risk factors.

Two approaches are utilized in this research: set-theoretic approach and algorithmic approach. The first approach is used to investigate the notions of sv-NPCFHSS and its some aggregations whereas the second approach is used to propose an algorithm for designing its decision-support system by using the aggregation operations like reduced fuzzy matrix, decision matrix, etc. of sv-NPCFHSS. The adopted algorithm is validated in real estate scenario for the selection of residential project by observing various risk factors to avoid any expected investment loss.

The proposed approach is more flexible and reliable as it copes with the shortcomings of literature on sv-neutrosophic set, sv-neutrosophic soft set and other fuzzy soft set-like structures by considering hypersoft setting, complex setting and neutrosophic setting collectively.

It has limitations for complex intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft set, complex neutrosophic hypersoft set and other complex neutrosophic hypersoft set-like models.

The scope of this research may cover a wide range of applications in several fields of mathematical sciences like artificial intelligence, optimization, MCDM, theoretical computer science, soft computing, mathematical statistics etc.

The proposed model bears the characteristics of most of the relevant existing fuzzy soft set-like models collectively and fulfills their limitations.

For gravity dams built on foundations with directional joint sets, the seepage in the foundation possesses anisotropic characteristics and may have adverse effects on the foundation stability. A methodology for system reliability analysis of gravity dam foundations considering anisotropic seepage and multiple sliding surfaces is proposed in this paper.

Anisotropic seepages in dam foundations are simulated using finite element method (FEM) with the equivalent continuum model (ECM), and their effect on dam foundation stability is involved by uplift pressures acting on the potential sliding surfaces. The system failure probability of the dam foundation is efficiently estimated using Monte Carlo method (MCM) combined with response surface method (RSM).

The case study shows that it is necessary to consider the possibly adverse effect of anisotropic seepage on foundation stability of gravity dams and the deterministic analysis of the foundation stability may be misleading. The system reliability analysis of the dam foundation is justified, as the uncertainties in shear strength parameters of the foundation rocks and joint sets as well as aperture, connectivity and spacing of the joint sets are quantified and the system effect of the multiple potential sliding surfaces on the foundation reliability is reasonably considered.

(1) A methodology is proposed for efficient system reliability analysis of foundation stability of gravity dams considering anisotropic seepage and multiple sliding surfaces (2) The influence of anisotropic seepage on the stability of gravity dam foundation  is revealed (3) The influence of estimation errors of RSMs on the system reliability assessment of dam foundation is investigated.

Delay in the clinical information system (CIS) restoration overseeing critical health-care operations after an unexpected data loss can be fatal for patients under care. Investment in information technology (IT) capabilities and synergy between various computerized systems has been argued as the resilient information system's enablers. The purpose of this study is to empirically quantify the influence of IT investment, integration and interoperability in recovering the CIS from a data disaster.

An archival dataset sourced from a European Commission-sponsored survey of 773 hospitals across 30 countries in Europe is utilized to study the relationships. The study adopts a quasi-experimental research design approach where sample observations are weighted based on their propensity to be selected in treatment groups. The artificial weighing allows attaining a pseudo-random sample to counter the effects of selection bias.

The study finds that hospitals with more than 5% of the budget dedicated to IT have 100% higher odds of recovering immediately from a critical data loss in comparison to those that have less than 1% investment in IT. The greater extent of IT integration significantly reduces the time to recover the CIS, while interoperability problems at the organizational level lessen the odds of immediate recovery by 19%. Interoperability problems at the technical and semantic levels do not significantly impact recovery times of the CIS.

The study proposes several empirically quantified and scientifically tested recommendations for health-care providers for faster restoration of critical CIS operations post data loss. The differential impact of the interoperability problems at the technical, semantic and organizational levels has also been highlighted.