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Electronic packaging technologies, such as pin grid arrays, increasingly small pitch surface mount, and double‐sided assemblies are all aimed towards the highest possible product density, with improved performance. The gap between inspection effectiveness and advances made in packaging technologies is becoming larger. As efforts proceed, to learn more about critical factors influencing reliability of solder joints, it is prudent to ensure that printed wiring assembly (PWA) design rules evolve to permit the broadest range of anticipated automated inspection requirements. The range of automated inspection technologies can all be made more effective through careful design of electronics for inspection. Significant opportunities lie in both PWA layout and design, as well as electronic component design, tolerancing, and standardisation. Many inspection issues are shared, but with increased recognition of digital radiography's unique capabilities; this discussion will emphasise X‐ray inspection issues.

This study examines whether fintech lending further enhances or mitigates the gender-based differences in consumer loan performance in an emerging market. Using a proprietary dataset of over 5.5 million consumer loans offered by the fifth-largest bank in Turkey and its fintech subsidiary, the authors first document a significant gender gap in average loan performances. In line with the previous empirical findings, men are more likely to default on their debt. The average difference in loan performance is around 10 basis points, indicating a statistically and economically significant magnitude even after controlling for an exhaustive list of demographic and credit characteristics. Next, the authors show that the gender gap in loan performance is more pronounced in areas where women have more outside options in terms of social and economic opportunities. Specifically, the authors observe that gender-based differences are predominantly evident in cities with higher divorce rates, lower young and elderly dependence, smaller household sizes, and higher labor force participation of women. Since the child and elderly care duties disproportionately influence women’s ability to participate in economic life, their ability to find resources to pay their loans in a timely manner improves more in comparison to men in areas where women face fewer restrictions to seek local economic opportunities outside the household. Finally, the authors document that fintech loans partially mitigate the gender-based differences in consumer loan performance in those cities. This result suggests that the developments in financial technology can reduce the inefficiencies associated with human involvement in credit decisions, narrowing the gender gap in loan outcomes to the extent that these gaps are attributable to the supply-side factors that involve human judgment and biases.

The study aimed to establish football fans' levels of social identity, team loyalty, and behavioral intentions toward sports consumption and to determine the relationship between these variables using a structural equation model.

Research methods: The research model was tested by data analysis using AMOS 23.0. The study sample included 518 football fans with mean age 30.87 (±10.15) years. Data were collected using an online questionnaire delivered to football fans via social media.

The results supported the study hypotheses and showed that social identity and team loyalty had a significant effect on behavioral intention toward sport consumption for football teams. Social identity was found to have a direct effect on sport consumption behaviors. It was further established that team loyalty was a mediator in the relationship between the fans' social identity and behavioral intention toward sports consumption.

The study planned to collect the data at the stadium entrance before the game; however, it was not possible to reach the fans face-to-face due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and therefore, the data were collected online.

By understanding how the extent of social identity affects sports consumption intention, sports club managers can achieve a higher level of fan loyalty to their teams.

The present study provides additional insight into the available literature on team identification. It demonstrated that team identification was associated with social identity and that social identity had an impact on sports consumption behaviors.

This study is an original study in that it is a study in which the social identity scale is used together with the variables of team loyalty and sports consumption behavior intention. The findings of this study help understand the processes that shape the behavioral intentions of football fans toward sports consumption. Furthermore, the mediating role of the developed model was tested using team loyalty.

Social media has enhanced the ability of fans to interact with each other. Whilst previous research investigates fan co-creation, few studies focus on the interactive effects within the co-creation process. The authors develop a model for synthesizing the interactive concepts related to fan co-creation in social media, which leads to team identification.

Participants (N = 483) were recruited from fans of clubs in the Persian Gulf Pro League of Iran. Structural equation modelling was applied to test the research model.

The results showed that fan knowledge facilitates fan co-creation, which in turn leads to team identification. Additionally, fan engagement had a moderating effect on the mediating role of fan co-creation in the association between fan knowledge and team identification.

The findings suggest that fan knowledge is an important antecedent of fan co-creation and highlight the significance of fan co-creation in promoting team identification in highly engaged fans at football clubs.

The current study contributes to the field of fan co-creation and provides significant implications for sport fan marketers.

Digital games have not only surged in popularity but also have sparked a renaissance, catapulting virtual adventures into the realm of cultural phenomena. It has spilled over as countless individuals find themselves drawn to the tangible pieces of the worlds they love, mulling over the procurement of game merchandise and memorabilia. These items are more than mere collectibles; they are emblems of unwavering enthusiasm for game culture. This study employs the consumer culture theory (CCT) to investigate game players’ propensity to purchase merchandise products.

In this study, social media and online forums were used to collect samples from Taiwan, obtaining 311 valid responses. Partial least squares (PLS) was employed to analyze the research model.

The findings underscore the significance of loyalty as a critical factor affecting individuals’ ethnocentrism and cosmopolitanism attitudes, which also significantly impact the likelihood of players purchasing game merchandise products.

Based on CCT, this study explores game players’ willingness to purchase game merchandise. In Asia, transforming digital game content into peripheral products is a marketing strategy. This study holds practical and academic implications, contributing to the advancement of research in this field.

ISHM invites papers for the above Conference, to be held on 29–31 May 1991 in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Papers should cover areas such as: design, manufacturing, packaging and interconnection, materials and processing, applications, reliability, components, new technologies, marketing and economics, optoelectronics. Summaries should be in English, length 200–300 words. The deadline for receipt of summaries is 30 September 1990. (For full details, see announcement on pp. 54–55.)

This study aims to address customer focus as an important component of total quality management (TQM) and explore the key drivers of member satisfaction in tennis clubs via a novel theory-based member satisfaction index (MSI) model with high explanatory and predictive power. Furthermore, the study aims to investigate the relationship between satisfaction and behavioral intentions (willingness to stay; WTS) with consideration of the mediating effect of identification with the club.

This study uses variance-based partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate the MSI model, which was tested in a leading tennis club in Germany (n = 185).

The results reveal that club atmosphere, club facilities and the price/quality ratio of the membership fee are the most important drivers of member satisfaction in tennis clubs. Member satisfaction has a large influence on the WTS of tennis club members. Identification with the club, when included as a mediator in the model, increases the variance explained in WTS considerably.

The small sample limits the generalizability of findings, and further research is recommended.

The MSI model is a useful benchmark tool for club managers who want to quantify the satisfaction and WTS of their club members. In addition, because of the integrated formative measurement models, the PLS-SEM results show which indicators can be used to positively impact satisfaction with each of the service quality dimensions, overall member satisfaction and WTS. The most important of these results are discussed in an importance-performance map analysis.

The MSI model is a multi-attribute index model through which members' evaluations of various dimensions of service and value are derived through multivariable linear function with each dimension weighted according to its importance in one holistic model. The model shows the strong impact of satisfaction on WTS of sports club members and reveals that findings of previous research on the relationship between fan and spectator identification and loyalty are transferable to sports club members. The MSI represents a new contribution to the literature; it was applied here to tennis clubs but is also suitable for application to other sports clubs.

While existing research has predominantly focused on the positive relationships between service quality and outcome variables, there has been limited investigation into the influence of food service quality on these variables or the moderating role of stadium atmosphere in the realm of sports marketing. This study aims to fill these gaps by examining the structural relationships between baseball stadium food quality, timeliness, satisfaction, and behavioral intention with an emphasis on the moderating effect of stadium atmosphere.

The data were collected from spectators attending baseball games. This study established the validity of the measurement scale through confirmatory factor analysis, factor loadings, average variance extracted, and construct reliability using Cronbach’s alpha. In addition, this study employed structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation to examine positive relationships and mediating effects and used Jamovi statistical software to conduct moderation analysis.

The findings demonstrate the significant impacts of food quality on satisfaction and behavioral intention, the positive effects of timeliness on satisfaction and behavioral intention, and the notable influence of satisfaction on behavioral intention. Additionally, this study found that satisfaction partially mediates the aforementioned relationships and that stadium atmosphere moderates these pathways.

This study contributes to the literature by addressing the impact of food service quality on outcome variables within sports marketing, an area that has received limited attention. Specifically, it examines how food quality and timeliness influence consumer satisfaction and behavioral intention. Furthermore, the study highlights the moderating role of stadium atmosphere, demonstrating its potential to enhance the relationship between food quality and consumer outcomes. These findings expand our understanding of consumer behavior in sports settings, offering practical strategies for team officials to enhance fan experiences. By diversifying menu options, optimizing concession operations, and collaborating with local vendors, team officials can significantly improve food service quality and create a more engaging stadium atmosphere.

The study aims to understand the impact of loss aversion and herding on investment decision of retail investors. The study further evaluates the mediating role of fear of missing out (FOMO) in retail investors on these relationships.

The study employed questionnaire survey to collect data from retail investors of Indian stock market. Total 323 data were collected. The collected data were examined using SmartPLS. Factor analysis and partial least square structural equation modeling were employed for fulfilling the objectives of the study.

The results of the study revealed that investment decisions of retail investors are significantly influenced by loss aversion, herd behavior as well as FOMO. Assessing the impact of herd behavior and loss aversion on investment decision in presence and absence of FOMO exposed that FOMO partially mediates these relations. The mediation was complementary in nature as the presence of FOMO increased the influence of loss aversion and herd behavior on retail investor's investment decisions.

Behavioral predispositions are accountable for numerous irregularities in stock markets. Thus, it is quite substantial to realize the stimulus of these partialities on investment decisions. The outcomes of this study would help financial planners and investors to keep in mind the different ways their decision outcomes could be biased and try to ignore them.

Though there have been many studies conducted on behavioral biases and their impact on investment decisions, there are very few studies that have taken into account the FOMO factor in investment, in context of the behavioral biases. Theoretically, FOMO has been linked with herd behavior and greed of earning more, but there are very few empirical supports to this fact. Thus, this study is an attempt to fill this gap by examining the role of FOMO on investment decisions and the different biases associated with it.

The aim of this paper is to characterise the association between business network and the balanced scorecard used by Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as a method for assessing firm efficiency. The business network takes into account both the dimensions of stability and efficiency. The business network can help SMEs, with fewer resources to remain competitive. By having a secure business network, the performance of SMEs in Malaysia can be further improved. A business network can facilitate swift coordination amongst distant geographies to create new competitive advantages by accessing market segments, resources as well as building strategic business alliances.

A total of 404 sets of data collected by using stratified random sampling and structured questionnaire as an instrument. The list of SMEs collected from the Malaysia Foreign Trade Growth Corporate Directory (MATRADE) directories. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was utilised to analyse the data.

The findings show that the business network plays a role in the balanced scorecard (BSC) outcomes of Malaysian SMEs.

This article provides the owners and managers with an awareness to rapidly achieve the company's efficiency. Finally, the new article often has some consequences for decision-makers and regulators.