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The CCA is a non‐profit organisation composed of member companies within the state of California, aimed at providing an environment for information exchange between individuals involved in the printed circuit industry. Each branch holds monthly meetings on state‐of‐the‐art technology. Other benefits of CCA membership include: free admission to Nepcon technical sessions; educational and employment information; reduced fees for the annual fall symposium; and a monthly newsletter.

High density packaging mounted VLSI demand highly dense and highly accurate multilayer printed wiring boards. The authors have studied Ultra Thin Copper (UTC) technology of printed wiring boards for application to the packages of high speed and high performance computers for more than 10 years. This paper describes the requirement for fine line and highly dense multilayer printed wiring boards and the study of the development of a suitable process using the UTC. The discussions include the behaviour of pattern etching and effects of plating thickness, the improvement of plating thickness uniformity, the selection of carrier types, the measurement of peel strength between copper foil and substrate, and so on. The UTC application reduces the defects caused by surface contamination of epoxy resin. Degradation of surface resistance is also discussed, which may be caused by surface creeping of alkaline ions arising from residues of plating solution within the plated‐through hole wall. These investigations could establish UTC technology for fine line printed wiring boards.

The purpose of this study to analyze the plastic anisotropy of 6061 aluminum alloy with finite deformation using crystal plasticity finite element method.

A representative volume element (RVE) model was constructed by Voronoi tessellation. In this model, grain shapes, grain orientations and distribution of grains were involved. The mechanical response of the component under composite loading was tested using specify cruciform specimen. Moreover, different stress and strain states in the specific central region were analyzed to reveal the effects of complex loading.

We calculated the influence of misorientation of adjacent grains as well as the evolution of the micro structure’s plastic deformation on the macroscopic deformation of the structure. Geometry design for the cruciform specimen helps obtain a homogenous distribution of the stress and strain at the specimen center. In this process, the initial grain orientation is also an important factor, and the larger misorientations between special grains may cause greater stress concentration.

The influence of micro-scale factors on macro-scale plastic anisotropy of AA6061 is analyzed using RVE model and cruciform specimen, and they offer a reference for related research.

With the ascendance of information technology, particularly through the internet, external information sources and their impacts can be readily transferred to influence the performance of financial markets within a short period of time. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how incidents affect stock prices and volatility using vector error correction and autoregressive-generalized auto regressive conditional Heteroskedasticity models, respectively.

To characterize the investors’ responses to incidents, the authors introduce indices derived using search volumes from Google Trends and the Baidu Index.

The empirical results indicate that an outbreak of disasters can increase volatility temporarily, and exert significant negative effects on stock prices in a relatively long time. In addition, indices derived from different search engines show differentiation, with the Google Trends search index mainly representing international investors and appearing more significant and persistent.

This study contributes to the existing literature by incorporating open-source data to analyze how catastrophic events affect financial markets and effect persistence.

The purpose of this article is to analyse methods for determination of exchange rates in response to fundamental economic variables and changes in monetary policies.

The paper undertakes empirical examination of exchange rate movements and their structural changes in response to changes in macroeconomic variables and monetary policies in the USA, the Euro area, and Japan.

Exchange rates have been influenced by macroeconomic fundamentals and have been impacted by the conduct of monetary policies in some cases. Some structural changes in exchange rates have coincided with implementation of drastic monetary policies but not in others. The Japanese quantitative easing policy has had an effect on exchange rates.

Monetary policy has been often examined; however, few studies have examined the response of exchange rate movements to monetary policies. Moreover, structural changes in exchange rates are examined in comparison with domestic monetary policies in the USA, the Euro Area, and Japan.

The aim is to develop a force assistance system for standing‐up which prevents the decreasing of physical strength of the patient by using their remaining physical strength.

The system realizes the standing up motion using the support bar with two degrees of freedom and the bed system which can move up and down. For using the remaining physical strength, our system uses the motion pattern which is based on the typical standing up motion by nursing specialist as control reference.

The assistance system realizes the natural standing up motion by nursing specialist and it is effective to assist the aged person to stand up without reducing their muscular strength.

The first idea is distributed system which controls the support bar and the bed system with coordination among them. The second idea is the combination of force and position control.