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1 – 10 of over 1000Traffic congestion and disorderly development of land will affect the development of cities. How to make efficient use of urban land is a major issue for cities. Based on this…
Abstract
Traffic congestion and disorderly development of land will affect the development of cities. How to make efficient use of urban land is a major issue for cities. Based on this, the problems existing in the planning and construction of urban rail transit in our country were analyzed. The method of rail transit network layout, as well as the site size, site selection and spacing optimization methods were analyzed. The combinatorial network layout planning of Metro Line in a city was studied. According to the layout of rail transit stations, a layout optimization model was proposed. Three basic network layouts were used to lay down the subway lines in this city, and the site size, spacing and intersection points were planned. The effective utilization rate of urban land was increased, and people's travel time was saved, so as to provide a new idea for the layout of rail transit
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H. Murat Celik and Ugur Yankaya
The purpose of this paper is to test whether the rail transit investment in Izmir, Turkey has had positive valuation impacts on the surrounding residential properties, and to…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to test whether the rail transit investment in Izmir, Turkey has had positive valuation impacts on the surrounding residential properties, and to estimate the value of travel time using relevant parameters.
Design/methodology/approach
The necessary data were collected via a survey including all real‐estate agents in the area. To test the research question, the Hedonic Price Model (HPM) is used as the research technique. The obtained parameters are also used to estimate the value of travel time.
Findings
The findings of the models has indicated that the proximity to rail stations was valued at $250‐300 per meters, and the value of travel per hour was $1.47‐1.83 on average.
Research limitations/implications
These findings should be checked with more consistent database using transaction process, and the mortgage loan rate which was not legislated at the time of study.
Practical implications
Until a mortgage loan rate is registered in turkey, the estimated parameters can be used in the cost‐benefit analysis of rail transit investments in Turkey.
Originality/value
The theoretical premise that “any improvement in accessibility will be capitalized into the land values” is tested one more time in a developing country case whose urban environment is substantially different from those of the developed world, especially the North American cities. Furthermore, a new methodology using the HPM parameters is also suggested to estimate the value of travel time.
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Nancy Hudspeth and Gerard Wellman
Public transit is an essential service for people without access to an automobile, particularly those who are low income, elderly, or with disabilities. Previous research has…
Abstract
Purpose
Public transit is an essential service for people without access to an automobile, particularly those who are low income, elderly, or with disabilities. Previous research has found that large urban transit agencies receive less state funding per ride provided than suburban agencies. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
Using data from the National Transit Database for 37 of the largest US transit agencies, the authors create a panel data set of services provided and sources of operating funds for the period 1991-2009. The authors develop an equity index that represents the difference between the share of state funding that an agency receives and the share of the total transit rides in the state that it provides. The authors use fixed-effects regression modeling to examine the determinants of fiscal balance and the equity index.
Findings
The authors find that the share of an agency’s operating funds that come from dedicated taxes is a significant predictor of fiscal health as measured by its fiscal balance; reliance on passenger fares and provision of bus service are significant predictors of operating deficits. The equity index finds that large agencies receive less than their fair share of state transit funding based on ridership.
Practical implications
Dedicated tax revenues are a key ingredient to transit agencies’ fiscal stability. Transit agencies’ fiscal condition in states and localities that do not have a dedicated tax could benefit from such a tax.
Social implications
Transit is an essential service for people who are unable to drive or own an automobile; funding inequities maintain old patterns of segregation and isolation for “transit dependents.”
Originality/value
This study supports earlier research finding that large agencies receive less than their fair share of state funding based on ridership. It contributes to the literature on transportation equity and transit finance.
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The history and development of urban transportation sysems inBrazil are reviewed in some detail. Early urban developments were servedby rail and relied upon the rail transit…
Abstract
The history and development of urban transportation sysems in Brazil are reviewed in some detail. Early urban developments were served by rail and relied upon the rail transit systems but this has deteriorated since the 1930s as a result of high urban growth rate. Rail transport has chiefly been replaced by buses and micro‐buses, and latterly by cars but these have compounded rather than improved the situation. Industrialisation in the 1950s had a profound effect as existing networks were unable to cope with rapid urban development and growth. The social implications of transport costs, wasted travel time, the development of slum areas in inner cities, are considered and viewed as a poor reflection on an industrial and urban economy such as Brazil. The conclusion is drawn that the transportation system may ultimately jeopardise the continuity of Brazil′s industrialisation and modernisation.
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Lenahan O’Connell, Juita-Elena (Wie) Yusuf and Khairul Azfi Anuar
The purpose of this paper is to compare public preferences for investment and spending on non-automobile infrastructures (mass transit and bicycling) to preferences for new roads…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare public preferences for investment and spending on non-automobile infrastructures (mass transit and bicycling) to preferences for new roads and the repair of current highways. The study explores the factors that explain preferences for non-automobile infrastructure using a three-factor model including self-interest (personal transportation benefits), concern for community-wide benefits (political beliefs), and concern for the economic impact. The study uses a case study of the urban context of the Hampton Roads region of Southeastern Virginia (USA).
Design/methodology/approach
The analysis uses data from a 2013 telephone survey of urban residents in the Hampton Roads area. Survey respondents were asked to identify their two investment priorities from four options: repairing existing roads, bridges, and tunnels; constructing new or expanding roads, bridges, and tunnels; expanding mass transit; and expanding bicycle routes and improving bike safety.
Findings
Repairing existing highway infrastructure is the most popular spending priority (66 percent of residents). There is as much support (46 percent) for investing in non-automobile infrastructure as for investing in new roads, bridges, and tunnels. Significant predictors of support for non-automobile infrastructure, using the three-factor model, are: length of commute time, self-identification as liberal, use of light rail, and a belief that light rail contributes to economic development.
Originality/value
The study examines public preferences for both non-traditional and traditional transportation infrastructure investments. It highlights the factors that contribute to public support for different transportation spending options.
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To apply the design concept of regional design, excavate the typical culture of Chongqing for the current design, and endows the cultural elements and symbols that have lasted for…
Abstract
To apply the design concept of regional design, excavate the typical culture of Chongqing for the current design, and endows the cultural elements and symbols that have lasted for a long time with a new flavor of The Times, firstly, the design concept of regional design is introduced to present and analyze typical regional cultural elements of Chongqing. Then, the cultural appeal and social influence of the design of Chongqing rail transit are analyzed, and the main entry point of the design is summarized to provide theoretical reference and method guidance for the subsequent design. Finally, after completing the theoretical framework, typical case analysis and the reference of design techniques, the design procedure of rail vehicles with Chongqing regional culture is proposed, and the shape design, exterior design and the interior design are completed, which have certain guiding significance for the regional characteristics of rail transit construction in Chongqing.
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Transport infrastructure is fundamental for economic development and for enabling cities to shift away from unsustainable automobile dependence. These agendas are coming together…
Abstract
Purpose
Transport infrastructure is fundamental for economic development and for enabling cities to shift away from unsustainable automobile dependence. These agendas are coming together but the tools and processes to create less automobile-dependent cities are not well developed. The purpose of this paper is to suggest how the planning and assessment process can help to achieve this goal of integration.
Design/methodology/approach
Understanding how cities are shaped by transport priorities through urban fabric theory creates an approach to the planning and assessment process in transport and town planning that can help achieve the purpose.
Findings
Four tools are developed from this theory: first, a strategic framework that includes the kind of urban fabric that any project is located within; second, benefit cost ratios that include wider economic benefits, especially agglomeration economies in each fabric; third, avoidable costs that assess lost opportunities from the kind of urban development facilitated by the infrastructure chosen; and finally, value capture opportunities that can help finance the infrastructure if they are used to create walking and transit fabric.
Research limitations/implications
Detailed application to the standard transport and town planning tools should now proceed to see how they can be adapted to each urban fabric, not just automobile city fabric.
Practical implications
Recognising, respecting and rejuvenating each fabric can be implemented immediately.
Social implications
Urban lifestyle choices are best understood by estimating the potential demand for each market and building to these.
Originality/value
The urban fabric tools outlined provide the best way of integrating sustainable development goals into how cities are planned and transport projects are assessed.
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Hongxiao Li and Li Li
The purpose of this study is to match appropriate friction coefficients for subway operational vehicles, considering the dynamic variations of wheel profile wear.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to match appropriate friction coefficients for subway operational vehicles, considering the dynamic variations of wheel profile wear.
Design/methodology/approach
This study combines experimental testing and numerical simulation to investigate the influence of wheel profile wear coupled with the friction coefficient on the vehicle dynamic response.
Findings
For the test route in this paper, it is recommended to control the friction coefficient on straight sections between 0.25 and 0.3, and on curved sections between 0.2 and 0.3. This satisfies the required adhesion coefficient for normal train traction and braking, while also ensuring the straight running performance and curve negotiation performance of the vehicle.
Practical implications
Reasonable friction coefficient ranges are proposed for straight and curved track lines to improve the operational safety and economy of the vehicles. Moreover, this study can provide a theoretical basis and reference direction for developing anti-wear measures for rail vehicles operating on fixed routes.
Originality/value
Considering the wear characteristics of operating vehicles and the dynamic changes in the wear profile, this paper explores the adaptability of different degrees of wheel wear profiles to different friction coefficients. Based on the response characteristics of vehicle dynamics, reasonable lubrication recommendations are proposed for this operating vehicle.
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Among the many pressing social issues facing today's urban areas is how to provide adequate and efficient transportation facilities while maintaining a healthy economic and social…
Abstract
Among the many pressing social issues facing today's urban areas is how to provide adequate and efficient transportation facilities while maintaining a healthy economic and social environment. In light of this problem the federal government is spending billions of dollars in improving existing transit systems and in developing new ones in major cities across the United States. There is considerable debate over how this funding could best be utilized. During the past few years there has been an increasing amount of literature published by leading government, private, and academic research centers in the areas of transportation policy, economics, and technological innovations. Libraries, particularly public libraries in those cities directly affected by these new transit programs, are likely to face an increasing number of reference questions from citizens concerned with how these new systems will affect their lives and the life of their city.
Jeffrey Boon Hui Yap and Seh Vian Goh
The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of transit-oriented development (TOD), the perceptions of buyers and the establishment of the comfortable walking distance…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the potential of transit-oriented development (TOD), the perceptions of buyers and the establishment of the comfortable walking distance. The literature indicates the requirement of TOD with increasing population in major cities.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, exploratory sequential mixed methods research approach was adopted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted followed by questionnaire survey. The respondents were categorised based on their generation cohorts to further understand their acuities on TOD.
Findings
The key consideration factors when buying houses in the TOD area are as follows: amenities related to jobs and family for Baby Boomers; time saving for Generation Y; and location for Generation X, i.e. house should be conveniently located in relation to working place, school, etc. Communities in Malaysia are willing to walk for five to ten minutes (approximately 400 to 800 m).
Research limitations/implications
Future studies can be enlarged to include other major cities in Malaysia and draw comparisons with neighbouring ASEAN countries.
Practical implications
This paper provides insights to property developers, consultants and government agencies for product development. Ultimately, TOD is the innovative sustainable solution for high-density urban planning and development.
Social implications
TOD is a sustainable development concept that encourages the use of public transportation system in order to reduce private motor vehicles usage.
Originality/value
This paper emphasises the potential of TOD, explores the perceptions of different generation cohorts in relation to TOD and establishes the comfortable walking distance for Malaysian communities. It also highlights the key factors of conveniences for TOD.
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