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Since the development of the COVID-19 vaccinations, questions surrounding race have been prominent in the literature on vaccine uptake. Early in the vaccine rollout, public health officials were concerned with the relatively lower rates of uptake among certain racial/ethnic minority groups. We suggest that this may also be patterned by racial/ethnic residential segregation, which previous work has demonstrated to be an important factor for both health and access to health care.

In this study, we examine county-level vaccination rates, racial/ethnic composition, and residential segregation across the U.S. We compile data from several sources, including the American Community Survey (ACS) and Centers for Disease Control (CDC) measured at the county level.

We find that just looking at the associations between racial/ethnic composition and vaccination rates, both percent Black and percent White are significant and negative, meaning that higher percentages of these groups in a county are associated with lower vaccination rates, whereas the opposite is the case for percent Latino. When we factor in segregation, as measured by the index of dissimilarity, the patterns change somewhat. Dissimilarity itself was not significant in the models across all groups, but when interacted with race/ethnic composition, it moderates the association. For both percent Black and percent White, the interaction with the Black-White dissimilarity index is significant and negative, meaning that it deepens the negative association between composition and the vaccination rate.

The analysis is only limited to county-level measures of racial/ethnic composition and vaccination rates, so we are unable to see at the individual-level who is getting vaccinated.

We find that segregation moderates the association between racial/ethnic composition and vaccination rates, suggesting that local race relations in a county helps contextualize the compositional effects of race/ethnicity.

In this chapter, the discussion begins with an exploration of the first ‘C’ in the 3C Model of Taoism: compassion. The author connects the virtue of compassion with the modern concept of social responsibility, one of the three key pillars of responsible management. The chapter concentrates on the role of compassion in management. The notion of compassion in management emphasizes a commitment to cultivating positive change for customers, employees, and the broader community. This encompasses practices such as offering fair wages and benefits, establishing a secure and healthy work environment and supporting local charities and initiatives. Management that embodies compassion aim to be socially responsible and can generate a positive impact within the communities. Managers recognize the significance of treating individuals equitably and with respect and are prepared to devote time and resources to their corporate mission. By integrating compassion into their business practices, organizations can nurture trust and loyalty among customers, employees and stakeholders. Furthermore, compassionate management may experience heightened brand loyalty and financial success as a result of their ethical approach.